Did you know that Japanese martial arts are classified as modern or pre-modern? So before you train in Japan, lets explore some martial art tems that newbies are ignorant about.

In the past, many outside the martial arts circle have used “Karate” as a catch-all phrase to refer to all Japanese martial arts. That is a mistake.

Karate is a martial art on its own that didn’t even originate in mainland Japan. It came from the Ryukyu Kingdom (now Okinawa), which wasn’t part of Japan until the invasion.

Interestingly, Karate, together with Judo, Aikido, and Kendo, are considered modern martial arts. What, then, are pre-modern Japanese martial arts?

To help you understand the differences, I’ll first be explaining these umbrella terms that designate a martial art as modern or pre-modern:

• Koryu Bujutsu
• Gendai Budo

Then, I’ll go on to explain two popular Japanese martial arts practised in the west.

• Karate
• Judo

“Old Style” vs Modern Japanese Martial Arts

Koryu Bujutsu

Koryu Bujutsu (古流武術) translates as “old style martial arts”. It generally covers military arts and sciences that were practised in pre-Meiji Restoration Japan.

These are less about self-improvement and more about defeating opponents.

Under the umbrage of Koryu Bujutsu are:

• sumo wrestling
• jujutsu (unarmed combat)
• kenjutsu (swordsmanship)
• battojutsu (art of drawing the sword)
• iaijutsu (art of mental awareness)
• naginatajutsu, soujutsu (art of the spear)

These skills were often practised with other military arts like horseback riding and swimming. There are, of course, different styles of koryu bujutsu. There are even ancient schools that specialize in different forms of jujutsu and weapon combat (check the link out for an extensive list of koryu bujutsu).

For example, jujutsu styles include Kito-ryu, Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu and more. There are organizations that verify the lineage of a dojo to ensure continuity, before certifying the martial art as koryu.

Koryu martial arts use the Menkyo system to grade students. This is a contrast from gendai budo that gives out martial art belt ranks.

Gendai Budo

Gendai Budo (現代武道) means “modern martial way”. The term applies to martial arts that developed post-Meiji Restoration, around 1868.

Gendai budo focuses on self-improvement first and self-defence second. The older martial arts are the exact opposite.

Also, all gendai budo martial arts use the martial art belt system to rank practitioners. This system was first used in Judo, where Jigoro Kano used black to signify dan-grade and white for the rest.

Gendai budo covers a broad range of arts such as:

• Judo (from Kito-ryu jujutsu)
• Aikido (from Aikijujutsu)
• Iaido
• Kendo (the evolved form of kenjutsu)
• kyudo (way of the bow and arrow)
• karate
• shorinji kempo (also known as kenpo)

Logen has compiled an extensive list of modern Japanese martial arts related to the samurai and ninja.

Popular Japanese Martial Arts in the West

There are many Japanese martial arts, as mentioned before. But, I’m pointing out Judo and Karate deliberately as they are common in the west and vastly different.

Beginners who make the mistake of thinking that one is the other could be in for a rude awakening.

Karate

Karate developed on Okinawa Island during the reign of the Ryukyu Kingdom. It exists as a fusion of Chinese martial arts and the original “te,” or Okinawan martial arts.

The four original branches of practice were Shotokan, Wado-ryu, Goju-ryu, and Shito-ryu. The only one that didn’t start in Shuri, Okinawa, was Goju-ryu. It began in Naha.

Then, in the 1920s, Gichin Funakoshi introduced karate into mainland Japan.

The differences amongst the styles tend to be the stances used and the number of katas practised. Some styles use weaponry, while others focus only on training the mind and body.

For example, Shotokan uses deep stances and focuses on long-range attacks. The exact opposite would be Shito-ryu, where stances are more natural and upright, and the focus is on speedy footwork. In Kyokushin, rather than evading, knockdowns are frequent. Full body contact is also encouraged.

Note: All styles of Karate are Gendai Budo (modern martial art). This is a contrast to Koryu Bujutsu (old martial art – dating before the Meiji restoration period).

Judo

Where Karate is often called a “hard” martial art, Judo is “soft.” Karate focuses on striking, while Judo focuses on grappling and throwing.

Jigoro Kano – the same man who created the martial art belt system – founded Judo. Its base art is mainly Kito-ryu jujutsu, a koryu bujutsu.

Judo uses the concept of “kuzushi no ri” (breaking of balance) to overcome the opponent.

In a stereotypical illustration, a Karateka will strike an opponent unfalteringly and aggressively. The Judoka, though, will go on the defensive then try to evade then counter with grappling and throws.

How easy is it to find either pre-Meiji or modern martial arts?

Both koryu bujutsu and gendai budo are still practised throughout the world today. However, obviously, the modern martial arts are going to be widespread.

While you might experience holding a naginata at a samurai taiken (experience) event, you’re not going to find many places that will train you to use one. Moreover, admission to a koryu martial arts dojo is difficult.

For example, the oldest koryu art – Tenshin Shoden Katori Shinto-ryu – needs its students to swear secrecy with a blood oath (keppan). Risuke Otake (pictured above on the left) is the main instructor appointed by the headmaster Yasusada Iizasa.

As for gendai budo, simply do a quick Google search of your hometown, and a karate or judo dojo will pop up somewhere close.

Want to travel for Japanese martial arts?

Want to travel to train in Japanese martial arts? Logen and I will be compiling a list of recommended places in both Japan (and around the world) for you ninja adventurers!

Note: Collaborative article written by Valerie Taylor, with edits by Logen Lanka.

The post Japanese Martial Arts Before & After 1868 — “Old Style” vs Modern appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Before talking about training abroad in Japanese martial arts, I needed some perspective. Fortunately, Jesse Enkamp (the “Karate nerd”) was kind enough to answer some questions about his experience in Okinawa.

1. About Okinawa and training there

How open are the dojos in Okinawa towards foreigners? Do they have specific training programs for visitors? Was there a cultural gap, or did you find the training open to people from all around the world?

Jesse Enkamp: It varies a lot. The majority of Okinawan dojos are not advertising or particularly focused on filling their space with new students. So, it’s usually difficult for the average foreigner to find a suitable dojo in Okinawa.

Plus, you have the language barrier too. However, some dojos – especially the ones with overseas branches – have understood that Karate is popular in the West and openly encourage visitors and speak English.

2. East vs West

Would you say that the training in Okinawa is similar to the training you received in your home country? Are there any similarities or differences that you think people should be aware of?

Jesse Enkamp: The training in Okinawa is different, mainly in the spirit. And I’m not talking about inside the dojo, but outside.

The philosophical values (i.e. respect, humility and integrity) developed and promoted through traditional Karate are reflected in their daily lives to a degree that I’ve rarely seen in the West.

Karate is truly a Way of Life in Okinawa, or as one of my friends on the island once told me: “a part of our cultural identity.”

3. For Beginners?

Would you recommend Okinawa as a place for beginners to go and train?

Jesse Enkamp: Yes, absolutely. The earlier, the better.

4. Why travel to train?

What compelled you to go training abroad?

Jesse Enkamp: My thirst for knowledge has never known boundaries. Traveling to other countries in the name of self-development and exploration, disguised as “Karate,” has always come naturally to me…

There is no “one way” to do anything – not even in Karate. Therefore, the learning never stops. Karate is a lifetime’s study… and the journey is the destination.

Photo credit: Jesse Enkamp

Note from interviewer

Thank you again, Jesse, for taking the time out of your busy schedule. Hopefully your words and adventurousness will inspire more people to train abroad.

Now that we’ve heard Jesse Enkamp’s take on training abroad, we’ll have a gander at some Japanese martial arts dojos next week. In the mean time, watch Jesse on his training adventures in Okinawa.

The post Karate Training in Okinawa, Japan – Jesse Enkamp [Interview] appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Though I often travel alone, I am never actually alone, because I have my handy-dandy laptop in tow. For years, my laptop has been an indispensable piece of equipment that I have come to be unable to live without, since I’m a digital nomad.

I’m sure that for most people it is very much the same — that you cannot completely disconnect yourself from your computer or smartphone.

But there have been a couple of instances as I traveled abroad where my personal data was breached.

As I mentioned in the previous article, I had my bank account shut down unexpectedly while I was in Malaysia. According to my bank, there is a high amount of credit and debit card fraud there.

Even when I was in Chicago, simply paying for internet with my credit card put a red flag on my bank account. I’ve gotten viruses from using hot spots in Japan, have had my email information sold to third parties while signing up for excursions in China, and so much more.

Why Data Security is Important for a Ninja Adventurer

Hacking Around the World

According to Business Insider, the top countries for cybercrime attacks in 2016 are as follows:

Why am I mentioning this?

Because most of these countries are where you are going to want to go as a Ninja Adventurer, right?

• China for Kung Fu
• Brazil for Brazilian Jiu Jitsu
• Japan for Karate and Ninjutsu
• Vietnam for Vovinam

Though you may be able to protect your physical presence, what about your virtual identity?

You never know when something unfortunate is going to happen to your data if you are not careful. Every unprotected search you make, puts you at risk of being noticed and wiped out.

Be Aware of These Vulnerabilities Abroad

Hotel & Travel Accommodation Wifi

There’s no surprise in me telling you that the hotel, AirBNB, or guesthouse wi-fi is more susceptible to hacking and malware, than the internet connection at home.

Throughout the world, hotels and other accommodations rarely put up the correct amount of protection for their internet — no firewalls, minimal antiviruses, and very little encryption.

In other words, accessing your bank account over a hotel’s internet connection (without having a proper amount of protection in place is a really bad idea), especially if you’re in one of the countries where cybercrime is high.

Public Computers

Also, stay away from those “public use” computers in hostels unless you are merely looking up something on Google Maps. Not only is the risk of forgetting to log out of your credit card or Facebook account high (because really, who does that anymore?), but the connection usually isn’t secure.

Cyber cafes

Cyber cafes can be a hazard, too, simply because of key loggers and malware. Even if you’re using your own mobile device at a hotspot that is password protected, any hacker who has logged into that network will be able to spy on you.

Always disable your Bluetooth and Wi-Fi when you’re not using it. There are some locations abroad that have free, unsecured connections your devices will automatically connect to, allowing your movements to be tracked.

ATM Skimmers

Lastly, don’t forget about the vulnerabilities of ATMs. Some countries are safer than others.

Japan, for example, has rather secure ATMs located inside convenience stores with security cameras recording non-stop, so you don’t have to worry too much.

However, some locations aren’t as protective of ATMs. In that case, always go into a bank to work with a teller. If you have no other way to get money, check the ATM for skimming devices beforehand, and don’t forget to conceal your pin number and the amount of money you are withdrawing.

Note About Encryption – Laws in China & Russia

So, you might be thinking that you’ll just encrypt your sensitive date and everything will be fine.

Not if you’re going to China, it’s not. China (and Russia) has laws about encrypted data written into a cybersecurity and counterterrorism laws from 2014 that details the “Administrative Rules for the Commercial Use of Encryption.”

It is best to familiarize yourself with this if you plan on traveling to China for your training.

Preliminary Steps to Personal Data Security

Now that you know the risks involved with traveling abroad, however slight they may be, you should know how to protect your sensitive digital data by any means necessary.

1

Buy a USB

I’m 100% serious. You may not think that with all the modern technology out there that external USB drives are of any use; but you would be underestimating a value resource in document and password protection.

My recommendation is buy 2 external USB drives. Have one that holds at least 16 GB and another that has enough space to serve as a repair drive in case your laptop’s hard drive unexpectedly gets wiped or dies.

2

Backup all of your important files onto said USB

Store and password-protect whatever you deem important for you travels. This includes copies of your passport and visa, insurance details, credit card information, accommodation booking, and airline boarding information.

3

Encrypt those files

Aside from password-protecting essential documents on both your computer and USB drive, you should also encrypt them (unless in the case of the aforementioned law). However, you can still protect your USB drive files from prying eyes.

4

Do a second backup on free and secure online cloud services

Back up your most valuable files on Google Drive, OneDrive, and Dropbox.

You can also utilize the 2-step encryption services provided by these services, which means you have more peace of mind. Sure, it takes a bit more effort to get into your information, but at least you know everything is safe.

Cloud Storage Recommendation – Privacy & Encryption

For a cloud storage service that’s encrypted and keeps your information private,
you need something OTHER than Google Drive or Dropbox.

Firstly, regular cloud storage providers (Dropbox) don’t usually use certified encryption standards. Secondly, these services (Google Drive) are located within the US, they are subject to laws that infringe on your privacy, even if you aren’t storing anything illegal (e.g. US Patriot Act).

Here are two offshore recommendations that are compliant to stricter privacy laws in their respective countries. Both options are also well-known in the cloud storage industry for having exemplary encryption protocols.

So, if you want greater privacy and encryption security (especially if your work demands it), consider these options:

• Sync.com (based in Canada and fully compliant with data privacy laws there)
• pCloud (based in Switzerland & more secure than Dropbox)

5

Get a VPN

Using a VPN (Virtual Private Network), is one of the best ways to keep your IP address and internet behaviors in the shadows.

If you use a decent VPN (i.e. SaferVPN, TunnelBear), you will be able to effectively cover your tracks. Plus, you can get access to certain websites in countries that have strict laws, like China. For instance, I used a VPN while in China to access Facebook.

6

Use a Quality Antivirus and Firewall

Free is good — but there are holes in free antivirus and firewall services. These holes can leave your computer and mobile devices susceptible to malware, spyware, and viruses. Investing in a decent security suite that doesn’t slow down your computer or hinder the effectiveness of other programs is a must.

More to Come…

Now, I know that many Ninja Adventurers are adept at using their minds and bodies to solve problems. But you may not know:

• How to properly encrypt computer files?
• Which cloud systems to choose?
• And, how to make the best use of a VPN?

I will be discussing some tips and recommended tools in upcoming articles, so stay tuned!

Also, if you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment.

I’d love to answer specific questions through the articles about training abroad, data security, or even provide information for specific disciplines. Don’t hesitate to ask.

Travel well, Ninja Adventurers. Until next we meet.

The post How to Protect Your Data When Traveling in 6 Steps? – Ninja Adventurer appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Due to how active I look in posts on Way of Ninja, you may never assume that hiding behind the adventurous gleam in my eye is an autoimmune disease.

Sometimes getting out of bed during a flare up is hard, but being a modern day kunoichi, professional dancer, and digital nomad too? It could be next to impossible depending on the ferocity of the flare up.

So how do I do it? When some people with the same disease are put down and out for days, how do I muster up the strength to keep on keeping on?

What is an Autoimmune Disease?

There are over 80 autoimmune diseases out there, but they essentially operate with the same modus operandi. An autoimmune disease cause the immune system to attack itself in a variety of ways, such as inflaming the joints or causing alopecia.

A common misunderstanding is to assume that autoimmune diseases are allergies. This is false. Allergies do not cause the body to attack itself.

The first thing I learned when I started developing the symptoms of an autoimmune disease — anxiety, brain fog, rashes, vitiligo, dry mouth, fatigue combated with hyperactivity, muscle weakness, stiffness, pain, and nagging gastrointestinal issues — was that my diet could be exacerbating the issue.

Changes in Diet to Cope

Taking a hard look at my then diet and lifestyle, it definitely needed some tweaks. During childhood, I had the typical American diet of fried foods, high in saturated fat, and an overload of sugar. I ate more animal proteins than vegetables and fruit. This affected me well into adulthood.

However, I had started converting over to vegetarianism about the time the symptoms were at their peak. I nixed excess amounts of alcohol, cut back on cruciferous vegetables, and thought about limiting my intake of wheat gluten. Then, I learned about something called the “anti-inflammatory diet.”

The Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Since my autoimmune disease loves attacking my joints and digestive system, I decided to give this special diet a go.

No, this is not a diet in the sense that it is meant to help you lose weight.

The anti-inflammatory diet is best explained by Dr. Weil, who states, “It is a way of selecting and preparing anti-inflammatory foods based on scientific knowledge of how they can help your body maintain optimum health” [1].

So what are some anti-inflammatory foods?

Green leafy vegetables

What do spinach, kale, chard, bok choy, and collard greens all have in common? A fantastic amount of antioxidants vitamin A, C, K, and dozens of phytonutrients to combat oxidative stress.

Celery

Dietary fibre, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin C, K, polysaccharides and other essential minerals make celery a key player in the anti-inflammatory diet [2].

Blueberries

One of the few foods that contains quercetin, a flavonoid that fights inflammation and cancer. Quercetin also enhances beneficial gut flora.

Pineapple

This fruit pairs quercetin with bromelain, an enzyme that has immune-modulating capabilities. Bromelain also has been shown to halt platelets from sticking together and forming clots.

Flax seeds

Lignans are present in flax seeds. This special type of fibre is affiliated with anti-aging, hormone balance, and cellular health.

Turmeric

The primary compound of turmeric, called curcumin, is one of the world’s most powerful anti-inflammatories. In fact, it has been proven in multiple studies that curcumin is infinitely more potent than aspirin and ibuprofen in reducing inflammation [4][5].

Ginger

There is a reason I flavour my coffee in the morning with ground ginger. Ginger works like curcumin by reducing inflammation. Also, I am a firm believer in Ayurvedic medicine and the teaching that ginger breaks down toxins in the body.

Green tea

The antioxidants in green tea make it seem more like a life-saving elixir than a commonplace beverage.

Nuts

Almonds, walnuts, Brazil nuts, and pistachios are all rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Nuts have also been shown to prevent the onset of diabetes by moderating blood glucose and insulin.

Tomatoes

Sources of lycopene, like the humble tomato or watermelon, also have anti-inflammatory properties.

In short, what makes up the anti-inflammatory diet? It is avoiding high-fat, high-sodium, super processed foods devoid of nutritional value. Margarine, shortening, fried food, and lunch meats can worsen inflammation to the point that it is damaging. By adding clean foods that are intrinsically full of polyphenols, vitamins, and nutrients is the basis of this diet [3].

Better yet, if you suffer from bursitis, arthritis, fibromyalgia, and any of the autoimmune disorders out there, anti-inflammatory foods can help regulate the symptoms.

Adapting & Altering Training Routines

Regardless of what I eat and drink, I still have flare ups. These might not be as bad thanks to a wholesome diet, but the effects impede my ability to function nonetheless.

I could be fine in the morning, then bam! I am hit with brain fog, mind-numbing headaches, and an intense lethargy that takes me from high-functioning traveler to mush. Even blinking is draining.

Moving Slowly & Stretching

But like I said, I am a professional dancer, a traveler, and a fitness enthusiast. Doing nothing is not something I tolerate. So, even when it feels like moving equals death, I somehow pick myself up and start to move.

I do not push myself hard during these days. Yoga and Pilates have helped me exercise when nothing else is possible. The slow, measured movements and concentration on the breath helps me draw focus away from what my body does not want to do. Gentle stretching helps fend off the stiffness that creeps into my joints, so I do yoga regularly.

Physical Therapy – Functional Strengthening

Other times, I do physical therapy exercises that work on functional movement and strengthening the muscles around affected joints —such as hips and shoulders. These are usually bodyweight squats, planks, and isolated movements, such as side leg lifts. If I get warmed up and more motivated, I will then do a shortened resistance training circuit with free weights.

Improvised Dance Movement

Because I dance, I use improvised movement as therapy for these days. I put on some music then just move purely on inclination. The mind-body connection takes over, and I forget about the ache. During these days, my movements are not pretty; but at least I refuse to let the flare up keep me from doing what I love.

When flare ups do not occur, I typically work out 5-7 days a week, incorporating several total body targeting exercises, Plyometrics, dance conditioning exercises, and weightlifting. These workout sessions usually last up to 90 minutes, but I often break up workouts into 30-45 minute clips throughout the day. That is on top of dance training, traveling, and other craziness.

Practicing Mindfulness

The hardest part about having an autoimmune disease was learning to not hate myself because of it. My body is scarred and twisted from rashes and assaults on my joints and GI tract. It does get frustrating sometimes when the exhaustion washes over me or the pain becomes too much to tolerate; but I refuse to let the disease become me.

Mindfulness [6] has been a practice that has helped me overcome feelings of failure, doubt, and self-loathing. I stay in tuned to my body, to the world around me, and am attentive to what is needed to keep me going. This calm acceptance taught me to just go with flow. Just because I cannot do something today does not mean it is unavailable to me tomorrow.

That is one thing I have always loved about martial arts—the honing of the mind and body to become an unbeatable entity. Just because the body is broken, it does not mean the mind is.

Final Thoughts: Persevere & Make it work

As a martial arts sensei once said to me, “Sometimes that which keeps us from doing what we want is the most challenging part of our martial arts practice, but the practice remains.”

Whether or not you have an autoimmune disease, I hope I made the message for everyone clear: that you can do whatever you set your mind to. It may not be 100% all the time, but if you persist, you will achieve. Injuries, disorders, or general life troubles set us back time to time. However, with strength of will and an open mind, you can overcome.

The post Training & Eating Right When You Live with an Autoimmune Disease appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Hello again, Adventurers! How goes the journey? (I feel like an announcer in a video game)

By now, you probably have read the previous instalment of the Ninja Adventurer series — and if you haven’t, you really should.

Today, I’m introducing the preparations you should be making to travel the world for your training. Though there are some common sense things to apply to your journey, I also have some tips that are going to be quite useful with deciding on where to go and how to build up an itinerary for a specific location. After all, getting the most out of any location takes some thorough planning and research.

Even the most spontaneous of travelers have to seek out the travel guide once in awhile!

Recap: So, You Want To Be a Ninja Adventurer

Before getting into the things you should do before becoming a ninja adventurer, I want to recap on the process for picking your training goal.

1. Pick Your Training Goal
2. Determine Your Level of Experience
3. Decide How Long You’ll Stay to Train
4. Consider Your Ideal Budget

Thus, your preliminary planning would look something like:

I want to attend advanced level Shaolin Temple training in China for 3 months on a budget of US$2300.

Why is preliminary planning important?

Because, while spontaneity may be great when sparring, you’re going to have to think ahead when it comes to your training and travel.

6 Things to Do & Prepare

1

Change Your Mindset

This is pivotal. You want to travel to train. You want to become a Ninja Adventurer, but you’re stuck in the mindset of routine training at the gym or dojo.

Also, you’re a bit hesitant to set out in the vast world to put yourself in a situation that’s going to be both mentally and physically demanding. Who you meet, the challenges you encounter, and how you react to these encounters are all based on how you can anticipate and accept these obstacles.

You have to really, really want this in order to get the most out of it. In the end, it is not the training that is going to be the hardest part. You’re going to face cultural shock, feelings of isolation, rivalry, and much more.

In short, be prepared for an eye-opening excursion. One that will challenge the very fabric of reality that you know.

Keep an open mind. Don’t judge lifestyles that are different from yours, and be sure to listen actively. Embrace the possibilities rather than mentally shutting down.

2

Get Your Passport & Visa

If you already have a passport, make sure it has at least 6 months left before the expiry date. Otherwise, you are going to be in trouble when it comes time to board the plane. If you don’t have a passport, you need to file for one at least 3 months prior to departing. Some countries take longer with making passports than others, but 3 months is generally a fair amount of time.

Should you need to apply for a visa, add another 3 months to that process. Visas often require several weeks of sending your documents to and from the consulate, contacting various people, then waiting for your passport to come back to you with a stamp or sticker inside.

You can expedite it, but expect it to cost a preposterous amount.

3

Don’t Be Afraid

Coming from a woman, you can take this seriously. The world is not as horrid as the media makes it out to seem. I have met a lot of good people from all around the world. You will find exceptional kindness is the strangest of places.

I’m not saying that this means you can put down your guard, because that is asking for trouble. But as you plan out your itinerary, don’t steer away from a location just because someone reported having their wallet stolen. Seriously, that can happen anywhere, to anyone.

4

Backup & Secure Everything

I can’t tell you how many close calls I’ve had with IT security and data loss on my computer while traveling.

Since my laptop is my livelihood, I can’t afford to have it stolen, damaged, or compromised in any way. That’s why I cannot stress enough the importance of learning how to backup your important documents on a cloud database (scan your passport, ID, booking information, and more) and have that all encrypted.

When I went to Kuala Lumpur, for example, I didn’t realize that there is a lot of banking and credit card fraud in Malaysia. As soon as my cash card hit the scanner, my accounts were shut down.

This left me at the airport with no way to get my money. I had to call my mother to contact the bank, who then lifted the lockdown… only to have it happen again automatically when I went to pay for my hotel.

And always use a VPN (i.e. SaferVPN, TunnelBear)  or proxy when abroad.

5

Pack Smart

You won’t need even half the gear you think you will when traveling. When I went on my first adventure, my suitcase was nearly 40kg. It was madness.

Now, my backpack only weighs about 20kg in total. If you’re not sure about packing, go with this one simple rule:

If you have any question about something’s usefulness, you don’t need it.

Whatever you need, you can get it in the country where you’re headed. Honest.

6

Travel Insurance

Guess what? You might get sick or injured while traveling. Travel insurance is fantastic for when you are worrying about hospital bills or stolen gear.

One of the recommended policies comes from World Nomads Insurance. The group offers policies ranging from a couple of days to months long, perfect for your trip abroad.

So there you have it…

Things you should do before ever becoming a Ninja Adventurer.

These tips and considerations are crucial to the success of your travels. Once you have these things squared away, your planning will become much easier. Also, you will have so much more peace of mind throughout the journey.

The post 6 Things You Should Do Before Becoming a Ninja Adventurer appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Do you dream of studying and traveling abroad to train with the masters of your discipline?

Though you are loyal to your dojo or group of parkour friends, you know that there are more opportunities abroad. To try a new art or develop new skills in what you already know, while traveling the world, would be amazing, right?

Wandering ninja, this is the series for you.

The Ninja Adventurer is a collaboration between Logen and I to help you get the resources, tips, and inspiration needed to see the world.

If you’ve read some of my previous travel and historical articles, you know I routinely try out “training”, or do research on samurai and ninja. Though the Ninja Adventurer includes attraction/training courses, this is for those of you who want the challenge.

What it means to be a Ninja Adventurer?

There is a belief in martial arts that the student who travels can better hone their skills. No one master can teach the student everything he or she knows, and so the student enters a period of pilgrimage. Nowadays, the chance of having the most epic pilgrimage ever is attainable.

Plus, the places many could only dream of training (like monasteries or temples in the discipline’s origin country) are now more open to outsiders. Or maybe you just have a hankering for practice in Bujinkan taijutsu in Scotland, for example.

Likewise, if you crave connecting with people through parkour movements, street workout, running, and more.

The Ninja Adventurer is a person, like you, with that dream.

But how do you plan for an adventure like this? How do you budget? Pack? Where do you go? And how long do you go training for?

Throughout this series, those questions will be answered.

The Beginning of the Journey

If you have never traveled, there is no better time than now.

It doesn’t matter how many years young you are. It doesn’t matter if you are on a budget or how some flexibility with finances. Also, it doesn’t matter if you’ve been training in martial arts or parkour and free movement for years or are completely new to the world of fitness and wellness.

1

Pick your training goal

There is a program out there for you. All you have to do is fix your sights on a specific goal.

Obviously, the goal is going to be to train or work on a specific goal. Write out exactly what you want to do.

Example: I want to learn Jiu Jitsu grappling.

Example: I want to attend a parkour (or movement) jam.

2

Determine your level of experience

Okay, now, you need weigh how much you know versus what you don’t know. Some programs have an experience prerequisite. Leave ego at the door here and realize that every place measures progress differently. The belt you have now may not be equivalent to how the instructors or masters of the programs you attend assess your skill level.

Now, you have your goal and your skill level. Think of these things when you start researching descriptions for programs, because you have to decide if “rigorous training,” “the ultimate challenge,” or even “accessible for all levels,” is in line with your aspirations.

Example: I want to learn beginner level Jiu Jitsu grappling.

Example: I want to attend a parkour (or movement) jam that accepts people of all skill levels.

3

Decide how long you'll stay to train

From there, you need the length of your stay. Some training programs run for three days. Some last a year. This time factor can complicate the travel procedure, because you may a long term visa and housing depending on the country.

If this is your first time ever doing some kind of training intensive, I recommend going for a weekend or a week. This allows you to see if going away for training suits your needs or if you actually like it. Nothing is worse than signing up for a half of year of training and realizing that you dislike everything about the location and program.

Example: I want to learn beginner level Jiu Jitsu grappling for 3 months.

Example: I want to attend a parkour (or movement) jam that accepts people of all skill levels for one week.

4

Consider your ideal budget

The last thing to consider is money. Can you afford training where you want to? Some destinations are much more affordable than others. Some places are easier to reach than others. There are programs that include housing and meals, but some leave that all up to you.

Carefully weigh the cost of airfare, public transportation, food, insurance, accommodations, and even the exchange rate. Oh, and don’t forget about foreign transaction fees attached to your bank card… I learned the hard way. The foreign transaction fees actually wiped out one of my accounts ($5 tacked onto each withdrawal adds up fast).

Be prepared to pay anywhere from US$500 to US$3,000 or higher. Shocking, I know.

Example: I want to learn beginner level Jiu Jitsu for 3 months with a budget of US$2500.

Example: I want to attend a parkour (or movement) jam that accepts people of all skill levels for one week, with a budget of US$700.

How should your preliminary plans look like?

At the end of this preliminary planning you have a list that looks like:

I want to learn beginner level Jiu Jitsu grappling for 3 months with a budget of US$2500

I want to attend a parkour (or movement) jam that accepts people of all skill levels for one week, with a budget of US$700.

(Preliminary planning: Initial goal, experience level, time frame and ideal budget)

The Ninja Adventurer is NOT sworn to poverty

There are a couple of options for keeping a good stream of money coming in, even as you travel. If you’re from a country that allows for working holiday visas, then you may be able to work in the country while you train.

Great! Right?

Not necessarily. Do you speak the language? Will you have the energy to do physical labor, which is the mainstay for most people on working holiday visas? Is that labor going to get in the way of what you really want to do?

Visas for Working, Students and Cultural Activities

If you can’t get a working holiday visa, like me (the American), there are a few routes to consider. You may be able to get a visa that is for study. Some countries simply call it a student visa. Others, like Japan, have special categories, like the cultural activities visa. But you will need special permissions to work.

Digital Nomad & Freelancing

Another method has kept me afloat for 3 months, while traveling throughout Southeast Asia and Western Australia. That would be the digital nomad lifestyle.

I write for more than just Way of Ninja. Plus, I take full advantage of my Japanese bilingualism to translate and interpret. If you have a skill that can freelanced (like photography, online tutoring, online English teaching, or travel writing), you already have a global market at your fingertips. The key is that this business of yours is based in your home country.

So, as long as you have loyal clients and a decent business platform, you can work and train on your own terms.

Final Thoughts

Are you ready? Your journey as a Ninja Adventurer is just beginning. Now that the idea is planted in your mind, look forward to the next installation.

Rather than a general overview of how to get this journey started, I’m going to give you an in depth look to several martial arts training abroad programs and how to prepare for the trip.

Until next we meet, Ninja, never stop wandering.

The post So you want to be a ninja adventurer? appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Once upon a time, Nara was the cradle of Japanese civilization (as the world knows it). The glory of ancient Japan continues to shimmer in the ambiance that surrounds the capital city of Nara Prefecture… and in the eyes of thousands of deer, all scouring the masses of tourists for delicious rice crackers.

Yes, you read that right. Deer.

Even before I stepped off the subway train that glorious morning, I had been told by countless people, including a Nara native, that the place would undoubtedly be teeming with deer. Of course, when I first emerged from the underground into the blaring sun to get my bearings, I did not see anything but people and convenience stores.

But within minutes of walking towards the Kofuku-ji and other UNESCO Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, I found myself in the middle of a horde of hungry cloven-hoofed cuties and delightedly screaming children.

The History of Nara-shi

Back before Nara was called Nara, it had another name: Yamato-no-kuni (大和) or Washu (和州). This is in reference not only to the old name of Japan, which was Yamato, but to the Kofun (250-538) and Asuka (538-710) eras that came before the Nara period (710-794).

During this span of time, Nara was the capital of Japan. Empress Genmei, the 43rd monarch of Japan by order of succession, reigned Nara from 707 to 715.

The course of events that allowed her to accede to the throne were rather unfortunate. Her son, Emperor Monmu, passed away, and her grandson was too young to ascend to the throne.

However, in 715, Genmei handed the role of Empress to her daughter Gensho. This was a rare occurrence in the history of Japan, because most successions were done in favor of men.

Empress Genmei’s gravesite can still be visited to this day in Narazaka-cho.

The Nara Period – Poetry, China & Buddhism

The Nara period was a time of great literary development. Political and historical documentation grew in popularity, as did Japanese poetry, called waka. These poems were written almost purely in Chinese kanji, because a lot of kana had yet to be invented.

In fact, during the Nara period, Chinese influence was abound [1][2]. The Tang Dynasty of China never had to send envoys over, because the Nara courtiers were so enthused by Chinese culture, religion, and other practices that they traveled overseas to learn for themselves.

Buddhism was established during the Nara period, too [1]. During the reign of Emperor Shomu, the temple known as Todai-ji was constructed. Within the temple, a huge 16 metre tall, gilted Buddha was placed inside. Shomu’s daughter, Kouken, reigned as Empress from 749 to 758 brought many Buddhist priests into the court. After dealing with an unsuccessful uprising by her cousin, Furjiwara no Nakamaro [3], who had ruled de facto before Kouken’s reign, she resumed her rule over Nara as Empress Shotoku. Her reign lasted from 764 to 770.

The actions taken by Shotoku were rather progressive for the era. Upon taking the throne, she commissioned for the creation of 1 million prayer charms known as the Hyakumanto Darani. Before her death, she is said to have wanted to have a Buddhist clergyman ascend to the role of Emperor, but she died before those plans could be fulfilled. This led to the exclusion of women from imperial succession and clergymen from politics.

The End of Peace

Nara was peaceful until the end of the Heian period, when Taira no Kiyomori, son of the Heian leader, Taira no Shigehira, was ordered to smother the power of the Nara temples and shrines. Kofuku-ji and Todai-ji, the two main temples in Nara, were set on fire, resulting in tremendous damage and historical artifacts being destroyed.

During the Sengoku and Edo periods, Nara was a forcibly sucked into Osaka. This caused a great economic dependency on Osaka trade to firmly root itself Nara that is still present today. However, while many samurai forces moved throughout the area, there were no huge battles or cataclysmic events that reshaped Nara.

Why I Went to Nara

So, for me, the self-proclaimed samurai and ninja nerd to make my way out to Nara, you figure there had to be a catch, right? You know I didn’t just go for the deer. So what caused me gravitate here?

First, the Empresses of Nara were relatively strong, independent women for that time period. I am all for historical displays of female power… even if their actions did dampen the enthusiasm of courtiers and politicians for years to come.

Second, I firmly believe that in order to fully comprehend Japan, you cannot just focus on one piece of history. The Sengoku and Edo periods are fascinating, but there is so much more to unearth. For example, if you did not know where the samurai got their idea of Zen Buddhism from, or how karate traveled up from Okinawa, or that the katana drew inspirations from Mongolia, China, and Korea, then how can you hope to understand the essence of Bushido?

That is why I went—because modern day Japan would not be if it was not for the developments that happened during the Nara period.

What I Saw

Aside from the deer, which scaled up the awesomeness of the journey, I visited several key places in Nara:

• The grounds of Kofuku-ji and Nara Park (興福寺)
• Kasuga Taisha Jinja and satellite shrines (春日大社)
• The grounds of Todai-ji (東大寺)
• Todai-ji Museum
• Himuro Jinja (氷室神社)

All of these places were absolutely beautiful. I look back fondly on the sights, sounds, and experiences. I definitely plan to return again, even if it is just for a walk around Nara Park.

Kofuku-ji Temple

You will notice in the pictures that Kofuku-ji was undergoing some major renovations. The five-story pagoda and octagonal halls that you could see were almost surreal in beauty and detail. I stood beneath the shadow of the pagoda for about ten minutes, relishing the architectural prowess.

I unfortunately could not enter the Eastern Golden Hall, which is a National Treasure.

Kasuga Taiga Shrine

This was no doubt my favorite stop in Nara. I probably spent a good two hours wondering around the grounds. A lot of the historical sites, like the botanical garden, were closed because it was a Monday on a holiday week. But I thought of it this way: less crowds. I will let the photographs speak for themselves.

There are rows upon rows of lanterns scattered throughout the shrine grounds. Through the silence of the area, you can feel a very spiritual presence—almost as if a kitsune spirit is going to peek out from behind one of the primordial trees at any second.

Todai-ji (Map stolen by a deer)

Something hilarious happened to me at Todai-ji. While I was standing in front of the gorgeous lake, reading my map, a deer came over and snatched the paper right from my hands. Apparently, paper equals dinner to these ever-hungry animals. I tried to pull the map away but to no avail.

Then, amidst the cacophony of thousands of different languages being spoken, I heard someone say in English, “She tried to get the map back and the deer was like, nope.”

Fellow American, save me! I turned about face and sighed, “I don’t know what to do.” In other words, do I let the deer eat died paper, or should I try to keep her from making a regretful diet choice? Eventually, three of us tackled the animal to free my map. As I shook salvia off my paper, one of my helpers help up their map. A giant hole was in the middle of it.

“This is what happened to ours,” she admitted with a chuckle.

Map back in hand, I proceeded to the Todai-ji Museum to see the bronze Buddha. Regrettably, photography was not allowed, and I don’t think I can do the awe-inspiring quality of the Buddha justice with words.

The artistry was mesmerizing. Other figures and statues line the halls of the museum, providing insight to various Buddhist influences. Nothing in the museum was written in English, though, so if you decide to visit, you may need an audio translator (which are provided for free).

Himuro Shrine

This was a delightful find that I would have never known existed if I did not get sidetracked by a pleasant walk through a preserved portion of town. Himuro Shrine is very small, but there is one defining feature that makes it a worthwhile stop. Housed at the shrine is the kami of ice.

In 710, Himuro Shrine was constructed as a pond for making ice. Nowadays, it hosts a couple of festivals throughout the year. You can still see the shrine decorated with candle-lit ice lanterns or head over in April to see the grounds covered in stunning sakura blossoms.

Why You Should Go

Honestly, if you love Japan, love culture and history, and want the chance to pet deer all day long, there is no reason not to go to Nara. The region is easily accessible from Nagoya, Osaka, and Kyoto; and the cost of excursions in the area is very reasonable. There are way more historical attractions aside from what I listed, as well as an absolutely fascinating downtown area. Plus, the people are extremely friendly and always willing to point you in the right direction.

If you find yourself in the region, make a side trip to Nara. You will not regret it.

Nara Afternoon Tour of Todaiji Temple, Deer Park
and Kasuga Shrine from Kyoto

Venture to Nara from Kyoto for the afternoon. Due to its past as the first permanent capital of Japan, Nara remains full of historic treasures, including some of Japan’s oldest Buddhist temples. Accompanied by your local guide, you’ll visit the Todaiji Temple to see Japan’s largest Buddha, Deer Park – home to hundreds of freely roaming deer, and Kasuga Shrine – Nara’s most celebrated shrine.

Book via Viator

The post More Deer (and Empresses) than Samurai in Nara!? – Japan Travel appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

When Japanophiles hear “Osaka,” they immediately think about Dotonbori, the Momofuku Ando Instant Ramen museum, and Kansai-ben (the dialect of Osaka that became popular throughout Japan through slapstick comedy skits).

But, long before Osaka became a sprawling metropolitan area, it was a hotspot for battles (during the Sengoku era). Many great men rose and fell in skirmishes there. But one name resonated more than the rest — Sanada Yukimura.

Cultural Differences Among Osaka, Nagoya and Tokyo

Before we go back in time, comparing present-day Osaka to both Nagoya and Tokyo is important.

If you’ve never been to any other place in Japan aside from Tokyo, Osaka will come as a surprise. And, not just for international tourists either. I lost count of how many confused Tokyoites I saw on the escalators…

In Tokyo, you stand on the left; in Osaka, you stand on the right.

Standing on the left on roadways and staircases was a habit formed during the time of the samurai. Since samurai wore their katana on the left, it made sense to keep it away from passersby (moving in the opposite direction).

I later found out the reason for this difference. Where Tokyo had numerous samurai, Osaka had more merchants. Crossing swords was not an issue.

The Ancient International Trade Hub

In fact, the history of Osaka [1] is rather unique. Around the 5th century, Osaka was the cultural and political epicenter of Japan. This was long before Nara, Kyoto, and Tokyo thereafter. Influences from Korea and China poured into Japan through Osaka.

After the unification of Japan in 1583 (by Toyotomi Hideyoshi), Osaka once again became a pivotal location. This time it was due to the construction of Osaka Castle.

During the 17th to 19th centuries, when Edo was the capital of Japan, Osaka was a budding international hub of trade [1].

At that time, the region obtained its nickname, “Nation’s Kitchen”. Private schools for various trades flourished. People believe this entrepreneurial practice brought about Osaka’s friendliness, individualism, and thriftiness.

Nowadays, a common greeting in Osaka is not “How are you?” (お元気ですか。) but “Are you making any money?” (もっかりまっか。).

Of course, the other common practice in Osaka is the eat away your paycheck. In Tokyo (and Nagoya to a lesser extent), people would rather go without food to afford clothing. Or engage in something they enjoy—like overworking!

So why am I mentioning these things?

Knowing how history inter-meshes with the present helps with cultural understanding.

Japan as a whole is so proud of where they come from. That’s why historical sites are more revered, and customs continued to be practiced so fastidiously.

It is also the reason people carry on the arts of the samurai and ninja. And, also, devote endless stories to their past exploits through anime and performances.

I mean, when was the last time you heard about Europe or America making an animation or best-selling novel about ancient civilizations? Western films aside, it rarely happens.

Walking Through Osaka to the Castle

So, as I took a walk through Osaka in the early morning hours, the sun peeked through the thick clouds. I thought about the hidden shrines and temples down the alleyways, and the castle that awaited beyond the high-rise buildings. The air was scented with miso and oil, and the sigh of car tires over damp pavement was at every turn.

About the time I reached Osaka Castle park, rain began to patter against the asphalt.

Christmas Carol & Tailing Chinese Tourists

Over the speakers surrounding the fountain, I heard Christmas carols. Though I did not get a picture of it, the tour train for children (or small adults) was decorated with wreaths. The driver was dressed up as a very slim Santa Claus. With the uppermost reaches of Osaka Castle poking through the trees, it was quite a surreal sight.

I tailed a group of Chinese tourists up the steep pathway to the outer court of the castle, through the pine and cherry tree orchard. Remains of the castle walls bordered the moats. As I came around one corner, the tour group went straight, and I moved towards the Hohoku-jinja.

Because it was so quiet, I crept towards the front of the building. Then, I crossed the yard to the Shudokan — a training hall for marital arts.

Before the Sakuramon Gate, there were several flags printed with the kanji characters for Sanada Yukimura. Moving beneath the massive gate, I took a moment to shake off the rain that was now soaking through my jacket. And, I scanned the pathway leading to the courtyard.

Planned Performance – Siege of Osaka Castle of 1614

Despite the inclement weather, there was going to be an event of some sort. That evening, in the Nishinomaru Garden, a performance called Sengoku: The Real at Osaka Castle.

I’d have loved to stick around, but I had a plane to catch. I do think that choreographed samurai battles are quite a spectacle, though.

When I walked around the courtyard, there were pictures posted on a wall-blocked area under construction. It detailed the battle around the castle as well as the growth of Osaka.

Turns out, there was quite a bit about Sanada Yukimura, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Osaka Castle that I was unaware of.

The Crimson Demon of War – Sanada Yukimura

Many people think of Oda Nobunaga and Hattori Hanzo as demons of the battlefield. Yet there was another. The life of Sanada Yukimura, one of Japan’s most popular samurai. He depicted what it meant to be a warrior of the Sengoku period.

In 1567, Yukimura was born as the second son of Sanada Masayuki. He was a samurai who was among the few men Tokugawa Ieyasu actually feared [2].

Around the time Masayuki joined Uesugi Kagekatsu.

Yukimura Held Captive & the Sanada clan’s Loyalty

In 1585, Yukimura is sent to Kaizu Castle and Kasugayama Castle as an Uesugi captive. During the Battle of Ueda, Yukimura was pitted against the Tokugawa and Hojo and wins.

There is then much debate about how the Sanada clan moved around from daimyo to daimyo. Though for a time Masayuki, Yukimura, and his older brother, Nobuyuki, all served Tokugawa.

Yet, in 1600, during the Battle of Sekigahara, Yukimura and his father joined the western forces under Uesugi. Nobuyuki joined Ieyasu instead.

Yukimura and his father returned to Ueda Castle, and held up with only 2000 men against Tokugawa Hidetada’s much larger force. After the battle, Yukimura and Masayuki were exiled to Koya-san on the Kii Peninsula.

There he stayed for 14 years.

History of Osaka Castle (大阪城)

In 1583, after Oda Nobunaga had passed away, Toyotomi Hideyoshi realized the plans of the Oda. And, he unified the nation of Japan under a single name.

Toyotomi wanted to build a castle that modeled Oda Nobunaga’s residence. But, Osaka Castle’s blueprints proved to be much more intricate than any other castle of that era. Over time, Toyotomi expanded the base of the castle, making it more and more defensible.

In 1597, construction finally completed but Hideyoshi had already died. So, the possession of the castle transferred to his son, Toyotomi Hideyori.

Bakufu Attempts to Overthrow Hideyori’s Rule in Osaka

After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu built his own bakufu (shogunate) in Edo. And, he sought to overthrow Hideyori’s rule in Osaka.

In the winter of 1614, the Tokugawa forces marched upon Osaka with an army of 200,000 men [3][4]. Upon hearing that his nemesis would attack Toyotomi, Yukimura left exile.

He realized that Tokugawa would target the southern side of the castle, where defenses were lacking. So, he built a barbican (outer defence) called Sanada Maru.

Though Toyotomi’s men were outnumbered, Yukimura tactfully used the castle defenses to deliver a crushing blow.

Peace Pact & Battle Breaks Out Again

A pact of peace was made when Tokugawa told Toyotomi to destroy the outer moat to the castle. Despite the accord only concerning the outer moat, the Tokugawa forces dismantled the inner moat as well. But, it only took a few months before Hideyori attempted to reconstruct the protective walls of his castle.

In 1615, the infuriated Tokugawa Ieyasu attacks once again in the Battle of Tennoji. While there was a separate siege on Osaka Castle, Hideyori planned a counterattack.

Yukimura was supposed to meet up with Akashi Morishige (another samurai) after retreating from the Battle of Doumyouji.

Sanada attempted to attack the backside of Ieyasu’s army, cutting down hundreds of men. But, he was eventually injured during the battle.

There are many stories speculating who took his head, or where he was decapitated. But his final message continues to echo throughout history: “I am tired and must rest. Go on and take my head” [5].

How to get to Osaka Castle?

Final Thoughts

So as I stood on the hallowed ground before the impressive Osaka Castle, I thought about the thousands of lives that died to protect that earth.

I tried to picture the hundreds of tents set up, the clangor of weapons, and the voices raised in eagerness for battle. The area was surreally quiet, save for the custodian singing old fishermen songs as he raked leaves from the gravel.

I realized that I cannot even wrap my mind around the past. I can only view it and continue to experience what evidence remains.

Osaka, like the rest of Japan, is packed with interesting historical nooks and crannies. If you seek out the experiences, they are everywhere.

Unfortunately, due to time and season restrictions, many outdoor sites I wanted to visit would be difficult to get to (or were closed).

My recommendation for fellow travelers is to visit Japan in the autumn or spring. That’s when the temperatures are perfect and the landscape is awash in vibrant hues.

Osaka Walking Tour with River Cruise and
Osaka Castle from Kyoto

Follow an expert guide on foot to principal landmarks in Osaka during a full-day walking tour, departing from Kyoto. Visit Shogun exhibits at Osaka Castle and look as far as the eye can see from the Umeda Sky Building’s Floating Garden Observatory. Then join your guide on a 1-hour river cruise on the Aqua Liner, coasting past the Twin Towers and City Hall of Nakanoshima lsle. Lunch and round-trip transport
from Kyoto are included.

Book Via Viator

The post Osaka Castle & Historical Samurai Battles – Japan Travel appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Back in December 2016, I once again found myself stepping off a plane at Narita International Airport in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Winter in Japan does not really get into full swing until January or so. But the air was damp and biting.

It may come as a surprise, but Japan was ensnared by Christmas illuminations, Christmas carols, and elegantly ornamented trees. More so than the usually lit metropolitan streets, the country had taken on a new kind of shimmer.

Of course, the cold did not stop me from seeking out historical attractions scattered throughout the countryside. Wherever a samurai or ninja once stood, I too hope to be in that place someday. Unfortunately, a week in Japan rarely does Tokyo justice, let alone the three major historical cities on my to-do list:

• Nagoya
• Osaka
• Nara

Also, several outdoor attractions I wanted to visit were closed due to inclement winter weather, it being the weekend, or a combination of both.

Heading Towards Nagoya

I took the Shinkansen (the bullet train) from Tokyo to Nagoya. The total trip was a little under 2 hours; and the train zipped by Mount Fuji, giving me incredible views of the mountain’s glorious symmetry and snowy peak. When I had climbed Fuji-san in August 2016, hardly any snow had remained, save for the top.

If you ever find yourself in Japan, I recommend either climbing Mount Fuji or checking out Kofu (the capital of Yamaguchi Prefecture, which encompasses the mountain).

Kofu was the dwelling of Takeda Shingen, and his influence remains even today in a plethora of shrines and temples. There is even a Shingen Matsuri, where people don masks and dance around in his honour. But my focus was not Takeda Shingen this time around.

About Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture

The city of Nagoya has developed into a well-known international destination for its central location and pivotal historical roles. Nagoya is also famous for being the birthplace of three notable samurai.

Those men were Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

For more than 1900 years, archives and other records mentioned Nagoya. The region has existed since the establishment of Atsuta Jingu. However, the area wasn’t named Nagoya around the time of the Kojiki (Japan’s oldest historical text).

Yet, Nagoya become most prominent when Tokugawa Ieyasu came out victorious during the Battle of Sekigahara [3] in 1600. With that triumph, Tokugawa Ieyasu heralded in the Edo period, which was to last for 300 years, by constructing Nagoya Castle. An entire town named Kiyosu was uprooted from its original location. It then resettled around the castle in 1614. This exodus was called “Kiyosu-goe.”

Though Tokugawa Ieyasu moved on from Nagoya Castle, the first true lord, Tokugawa Yoshinao and other members of the Owari Tokugawa family worked tirelessly to promote growth in Nagoya. Arts like tea ceremony, Noh, and Kyogen, and traditional handicrafts flourished during the family’s reign.

But if I ended the history there, I would be doing Kiyosu, Nagoya, and the three famous retainers a huge disservice.

Yes, if I merely pointed to the exploits of the Owari Tokugawa hegemony, you’d overlook a gigantic portion of what makes Nagoya so fascinating.

History of Nagoya – Oda Nobunaga & The Battle of Okehazama

Oda Nobunaga & his oddities

Oda Nobunaga (織田 信長), you see, was born in Kiyosu on June 23rd, 1534, long before Tokugawa Ieyasu relocated the town. However, there is an ongoing myth—despite evidence and all notions of time—about Oda Nobunaga being born in Nagoya Castle.

The other interesting facet of Oda Nobunaga’s life is the years prior to those most people know about. Before Oda ever became the ruthless, tactical mastermind that conquered many throughout the Sengoku period, people knew him by another name. Despite his prowess on the battlefield, the people of his hometown called him Owari no Outsuke (尾張の大うつけ), which translates into the “The Big Fool of Owari.”

Strange Things about Oda Nobunaga

In case you are wondering just how weird he was, let me put it this way…

Oda Nobunaga did not behave according to customs, which is the exact opposite of your typical samurai. When his father died in 1551, Oda Nobunaga reportedly attended the funeral ceremony late, threw incense the altar, then stalked off. One of his mentors was so ashamed he committed seppuku.

There is actually an anime, Nobunaga the Fool, that outlines some of this behaviour. The anime itself is far from being historically accurate though. A strategy game called “Nobunaga’s Ambition: Sphere of Influence” also goes into detail about his father’s death and the events thereafter.

Due to his brash behaviour causing a schism through the Oda clan, many sided with Nobunaga’s younger and mild-mannered brother, Nobuyuki. Or even his father’s brother Nobutomo.

When Nobunaga learned there was a proposed overthrowing of his hereditary ascension, he slew Nobutomo and those involved. He then took control of Kiyosu Castle.

Uniting the Provinces around Kiyosu Castle

For several years, Nobunaga worked to unite provinces around Kiyosu Castle, including Owari Province. Things seemed to be going well until 1556, when Nobuyuki and trusted retainers, Shibata Katsuie and Hayashi Hidesada, planned to usurp control from Nobunaga. Though Nobunaga swiftly defeated them, he pardoned everyone after his birth mother Tsuchida Gozen stepped in.

A few months later, despite the pardon, Nobunaga killed his younger brother. By 1559, Oda united the Owari Province under his banners.

The Battle of Okehazama – Imagawa Yoshimoto & Toyotomi Hideyoshi

The Battle of Okehazama [1] unfolded in 1560 on the outskirts of what is now Nagoya and has been preserved for tourists to visit.

There is not much to see at the actual site in Toyoake [2]; and I unfortunately did not have the time to travel there to witness it for myself. One day, though, I hope to get there. This was where the tide of the Sengoku period in Japan changed forever.

It was the day forces realized that Oda Nobunaga was no fool. He was a military genius.

1560

In 1560, Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川 義元), who as formerly under Oda banners, accrued an army of close to 25,000 men and began marching towards Kyoto. The Matsudaira clan (predecessors of the Tokugawa clan) of Mikawa province, which had also been allied to Oda, joined Imagawa. When Oda Nobunaga left Kiyosu Castle despite the advisors telling him to defend within the castle walls, he had a mere 200 soldiers following him.

More warriors came to aid him after stopping to pray for victory at Atsuta Jingu. Mori Ranmaru’s father, Mori Yoshinari, appeared with around 120 men. This added to the 80 men under Shibata Katsuie, the 300 riders under Sassa Narimasa, and the 30 men under Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣 秀吉).

Despite the scouts reporting that Imagawa had amassed a force of 40,000 men, Oda Nobunaga refused to believe that amount. He rode out with his patchwork army to Okehazama, finding that Imagawa’s army had stopped for lunch. A storm broke out, and in the deluge, Nobunaga and his small troop ambushed Yoshimoto’s men. It took no longer than 2 hours for Oda Nobunaga to obtain Yoshimoto’s head (the typical trophy of that time [1] and return to Kiyosu Castle.

1561 and beyond

As a result in 1561, the Matsudaira and Oda clan forged an alliance. Through the marriage of one of his daughters Oda also created an alliance with Takeda Shingen. This alliance broke in 1572 during the Battle of Anegawa.

His sister, Oichi, also created a bond with Azai Nagamasa of Omi Province. This signalled the beginning of a unified Japan. Although Oda Nobunaga would perish at Honnou-ji in 1582 during the betrayal of Akechi Mitsuhide, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu carried on his legacy.

Visiting Nagoya Castle

With all that in mind, I went to Nagoya to see some of the remnants of history for myself. 

Upon arriving, Nagoya station – connected to the airport and several other waystations – was so packed with travellers that every single locker was taken. I had no choice but to lug my two heavy bags from the station all the way to the castle, which is approximately 2.8 km away. If it was not for nearly 30 kg (70 lbs) of luggage, the 30-40 minute walk would have been delightful.

Nagoya is beautiful, with an atmosphere similar to that of Tokyo.

Reaching the castle

When I got to the castle, I grabbed a freshly baked adzuki bean stuffed taiyaki (fish-shaped pastry) for 100 yen to eat outside of the entrance gate. I watched the endless stream of international tourists and Japanese visitors moving around the outer yard.

Someone mentioned a ninja show, and I perked right up. Did they just say what I think they did?

Scarfing down the last of my taiyaki, I purchased a ticket to the castle grounds then headed inside. Immediately, I went to the information building and stumbled inside with my luggage.

The staff greeted me with an enthusiastic “Hello” in English accompanied by “Do you need any help?” in Japanese.

Not going to lie here. After hauling my luggage through gravel, I looked like I had fallen down a mountainside. Giving a slight bow, I asked them for some aid then inquired about the special events.

The guides gave me several pamphlets on the samurai and ninja shows happening at the castle, both in English and Japanese once I told them I was a travel writer. My luck and timing could not have been any better.

Samurai & Ninja Performance Groups at the Castle

There were two ninja clans present at Nagoya castle that day: the Hattori Hanzo group and the Tokugawa group.

The Hanzo Group

The first ones I encountered was the trio calling themselves Hanzo.

Compared to other ninja displays, I found myself laughing at these three more than being intrigued. However, I did enjoy their “quiz time,” where they asked the audience about common ninja-related myths before stating factual information.

My favourite was the discussion on how ninja move silently.

Technique to Walk Silently

As you can see in the picture, ninja would sometimes put their hands beneath their shoes when creeping about to detract from the pressure on floor or ceiling boards. Though slow, it allowed them to sneak about undetected.

After doing some stunts to wow the crowd one more time, the ninja departed to make way for the samurai show.

Samurai Show

Once everyone in the crowd was situated, the showed began.

Two infantrymen clamoured out into the open, stabbing at one another with their swords. Then two actors portraying Maeda Toshiie and Maeda Keiji took to the field to fight invisible opponents. In the past, the two served beneath Oda Nobunaga, long before the construction of Nagoya Castle. However, Maeda Keiji later went to serve amongst the ranks of Uesugi Kenshin’s army.

When the actor playing Nobunaga made his appearance, he was clad in a mix of Western and Eastern armour. To me, he channelled the composure of Oda Nobunaga perfectly. He commanded the attention of the audience as he spoke about his ambitions for unifying Japan. With the crows circling overhead and stark beauty of the castle in the background, the display was truly entertaining.

With the samurai show complete within 25 minutes, I made my way back through the eastern entrance towards the inner courtyard of the castle.

Tokugawa Ninja Group – Shuriken Facts

There, another ninja demonstration was taking place. These Tokugawa ninja were a bit more into the theatrics than the others. They took to popping balloons, climbing each other’s shoulders, and other acrobatics.

Still, like every other honest display I have seen, they too sought to deliver some information that dispels “ninja myth”. The leader went into detail about shuriken—the weight, the use, and the throwing technique.

Shuriken were actually only carried in pairs. since they were made of heavier metal. For that reason, ninja used shuriken as diversion and rarely as weaponry. And as this ninja group shows us, shuriken never got much bigger than the palm of your hand.

Sorry, Naruto fans. Those windmill-sized shuriken are bogus.

Nagoya Castle’s Outer Ring

After the show, I soon found myself walking the outer ring of the castle. Reading the plaques along the walkway, I learned that the walls of the moat slanted and smoothed for a reason. Climbing up those partitions would be impossible, especially with slick shoes.

Honestly, I cannot even begin to adequately describe the beauty of Nagoya Castle. There is something so stunning about the design, despite the simplicity of it all. The grounds are quite large.

Yet, due to the season, the staff closed off some of the areas, like the gardens.

Other Places in Nagoya

Leaving the castle, I worked my way down along the river with the hope of getting back to the station. Although I had no clue about the historical road, I somehow stumbled upon it. This is one of the reasons I love Japan—the desire to hold onto relics and valuable pieces of history is so strong within the culture. You can find evidence of the past, and a love of tradition, wherever you look.

I cannot give this advice enough: when in Japan, travel the back alleys as much as possible. Treasures are everywhere.

Experiencing Nagoya Castle and other sites for yourself

Want to tour Nagoya Castle with a helpful guide who speaks in English? 

For half-day and full-day tours, check out the following:

• Half Day Cherry Blossom Viewing and Nagoya Castle Tour (4 hours)
• Cherry Blossom Viewing by Bicycle including a Picnic in Nagoya (4 hours)
• Private Full-day Nagoya City Tour (6 hours)

All of them include Nagoya Castle in the packages.

Getting to Nagoya Castle

Nagoya Castle (名古屋城)

1-1 Honmaru, Naka Ward, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture 460-0031, Japan

Opens 9am to 4.30pm daily

The post Nagoya Castle with Samurai & Ninja Re-Enactments – Japan Travel appeared first on Way Of Ninja.

Ninja Warrior and Sarutobi Sasuke. The first one’s a popular obstacle course competition. And the latter is a famous Japanese folklore character.

What do they have in common?

Ninja Warrior is Sasuke.

What!?

Ninja Warrior, the televised obstacle course show, started out in Japan. Its original name was SASUKE. The name, Ninja Warrior, is only used outside of Japan.

Due to its popularity, many countries bought the rights to air their own versions of SASUKE. Some examples include the American Ninja Warrior and Sasuke Singapore.

So, today, you will be introduced to the legend, Sarutobi Sasuke. And learn how his story became associated with the Ninja Warrior show. Lastly, you will get to watch common obstacles in all four stages of SASUKE Ninja Warrior.

Sarutobi Sasuke – Folklore Inspired by History

Sarutobi Sasuke’s legendary exploits was no less impressive than other famous ninja.

No doubt, when you first hear “Sasuke”, you might imagine the surly kid from Naruto. Or perhaps even some other manga or video game character.

But did you know this fictional character was likely inspired by a real person?

The Real Ninja Behind Sasuke

There were multiple people whose history inspired the creation of Sarutobi Sasuke (猿飛佐助). One of them was likely Kozuki Sasuke (上月佐助).

Rumours reveal that Kozuiki Sasuke’s other name was Shimotsuge no Kizaru. This name appears in the Bansenshukai (Edo-period ninja manual) as one of 11 masters of in-nin.

Sarutobi Sasuke of Folklore

Monkey Jump – No, this is not some special karate move or jutsu. It’s the translation of “Sarutobi.”

Raised as an orphan by monkeys, Sarutobi Sasuke had monkey-like skills. This included climbing and jumping.

Thus, his name, Sarutobi, is especially fitting as it means “monkey jump” in Japanese.

His connection to monkeys is also no coincidence.

After all, he belongs to the Koga clan in Shiga prefecture. That prefecture is near several onsen (hot springs), where snow monkeys love to bathe in.

The Story of Sarutobi Sasuke

Sarutobi Sasuke’s story begins when he was ten – past the time when monkeys adopted him. 

He was seeking out a swordsmanship teacher, when he met Hakuunsai Tozawa. This was the exceptionally-skilled founder of Gyokko-ryu. Under his tutelage, Sarutobi became a master ninja.

Sarutobi Sasuke was a character in the Sanada Ten Braves (真田十勇士), a story found in the Tachikawa Bunko pocket books. These books contained fictional ninja folklores for teenagers during the Taisho period (1900s).

The story revolves around a group of ninja who aided Sanada Yukimura, with the Battle of Osaka Castle. This battle occured when the Japanese Warring States period was coming to a close.

Sarutobi Sasuke’s Annoying Best Friend

Sarutobi often appears with another prodigious ninja – Kirigakure Saizo. Kirigakure Saizo was an Iga ninja.

Long ago, the Koga and Iga were rivals, because of the Fuma-Hattori aggression. Their ninjutsu styles also greatly differed.

Thus, these two characters usually butt heads throughout the story. Nonetheless, they wind up as best friends instead of arch-rivals by the end.

The fight against Ishikawa Goeman

Sarutobi Sasuke also once encountered Ishikawa Goemon, a light-footed ninja who used illusions. The two had a match, which ended in Goemon’s defeat. And so, Goemon began humbled himself and called himself the little brother.

Other Appearances in Media

• Tachikawa Bunko, 1911-1925
• Sarutobi Sasuke by Shigeru Sugiura, 1950s
• Samurai Spy (Ibun Sarutobi Sasuke), Sarutobi no Ninjutsu, and Sarutobi Sasuke Senjogadake no Himatsuri, amongst other films throughout the early 1900s.
• Samurai Deeper Kyo anime
• Sengoku Basara, anime
• The Legend of the Mystical Ninja video game

Moving on. Here are some facts about the popular obstacle course competition – Sasuke Ninja Warrior.

Facts About Sasuke – Original Ninja Warrior Obstacle Competition

Monster 9 (production company), created the reknown SASUKE obstacle course competition in 1997. Although it went bankrupt in 2011, people loved the awesome SASUKE shows.

In 2012, TBS (Tokyo Broadcasting System) renamed the 28th season of the show “Sasuke Rising”. In addition, the US channel G4 shows an edited and subtitled version called Ninja Warrior.

How Ninja Warrior Works & Other Spin-Offs

The premise of the show is to have 100 competitors compete to finish four obstacle course stages. Many fail in the first and second stages, and the final showdown often results with no one winning.

One spin-off of SASUKE include Kinniku Banzuke (or “Muscle Ranking”). It soon became an independent program. There is also KUNOICHI, the all-women obstacle course competition.

The Reward

Until Season 17, Ninja Warrior awarded competitors ¥2,000,000. This is the prize money that comes with the title of Kanzenseiha (Total Victory). It means you’ve completed all four rounds.

Yet, that hardly offset the cost of travel and accommodations. As a result, the show doubled the reward in later seasons.

Even so, the increase in reward may be due to the rising difficulty in the obstacle course. After all, only 3 competitors were good enough to get the title of Kanzenseiha to date.

• Kazuhiko Akiyama (Competition 4)
• Makoto Nagano (Competition 17)
• Yuuji Urushihara (Competition 24 and 27)

Countries That Air Ninja Warrior

Although the competition continues in Japan, many countries are only showing edited variations of the previous seasons called Ninja Warrior.  A few of them have decided to air their own national versions.

Here’s a list of the countries where you can watch SASUKE Ninja Warrior (and/or their own version):

• Australia
• Bahrain
• Bulgaria (Ninja Warriors)
• China – 极限勇士 (Sasuke China: X Warrior)
• Czech Republic (Ninja Faktor)
• Denmark – Danmarks Ninja Warrior
• France – Ninja Warrior: Le Parcours des héros
• Germany
• Greece
• Indonesia – Sasuke Ninja Warrior
• Italy – Ninja Warrior Italia
• Japan – Sasuke (サスケ)
• Malaysia – Sasuke Malaysia
• Netherlands
• Saudi Arabia – Ninja Warriorبالعربي
• Serbia (Nindža Ratnici)
• Singapore – Sasuke Singapore
• South Africa
• Spain
• Sweden
• Turkey
• United Kingdom
• United States
• Vietnam – Sasuke Việt Nam: Không Giới Hạn

Sasuke Ninja Warrior Obstacles & Stages

There are four different stages in SASUKE Ninja Warrior. With each stage, the level of difficulty rises. At present, all four stages, except the third, are timed.

Due to the obstacle’s complexity, there is no clock in the third stage. Competitors can use as much time as they need.

With the competition beginning in the morning and lasting all day, inclement weather does not expedite the levels. After all, even snowstorms have not stopped the show in some seasons.

Let’s look at some of the obstacles in each stage.

1

First Stage

Bridge Jump

The competitor runs, leaping from one edge of the bridge, grabs a rope attached to a wheel, then swings to the opposite side.

Bungee Bridge

The bridge has several gaps. The ground is actually made of elastic, stretchy fabric that makes it incredibly hard to cross without falling through the gaps.

Half-Pipe Attack

Much like the Crooked Wall, the competitor runs up the vertical half-pipe then must leap about halfway into the air to grab ahold of a rope to land on a narrow landing pad.

Sextuple Step

There was also a Quintuple Step, but this obstacle has 5 platforms rather than 4, increasing the level of difficulty slightly. However, because of its slipperiness being a hazard, it was no longer used after the twenty-second SASUKE.

2

Second Stage

Chain Reaction

Competitors move from platform to platform by swinging from one chain to the next, needing to often do this switch in mid-air.

Spider Walk

One of the more common obstacles. Currently, Spider Walk has 3 variations. There are two walls with space between them. Some of the space is filled with hindrances that the competitors must scale over to get to the other side.

Unstable Bridge

Wall Lifting

3

Third Stage

This stage relies entirely on upper body strength, making it astoundingly difficult to complete.

Arm Rings

There are two rings to grab onto, with which you use to move along the overhead track—made up of horizontal pipes— by moving the rings from point to point. There are a couple of variations in height of those pipes, meaning the competitor has to pull themselves up from time-to-time.

Cliffhanger

This obstacle was seen in multiple seasons and had multitude revamps. The competitor has to move along the narrow ledges using only their fingertips to support them (as there was no floor below).

The original had three ledges at the same height, but then the leveling and length was changed for later seasons. Related obstacles are the Shin Cliffhanger and Ultimate Cliffhanger, both of which sound really painful.

Curtain Cling

Seen in seasons 13 to 17. To cross, you have to move horizontally across a hanging curtain that’s about 5.4 meters wide and 3 meters (about 9 feet) long.

Floating Boards

In this obstacle, five boards hang from scaffolding. And the competitor travels across by clinging to one then jumping to another.

Roulette Cylinder

Comparable to another obstacle called Rolling Dice, the person controlling the cylinder has bars to grab onto for more control. It kind of looks like a bicycle wheel with the spokes pointing outward. This was the predecessor to another obstacle named the Doorknob Grasper.

4

FINAL Stage

G-rope

The G-Rope replaced a similar obstacle called the Final Rope. In this version, the competitor climbs a 10 m long rope that has some bungee cord properties. The rope used to be cut if a competitor ran out of time. However, that has been removed.

Heavenly Ladder

Lastly, the final version of a spider climb. The ladder is 13 meters in length, and it ends with the G-rope.

At one time, the ladder was steel, but it was soon replaced with a rope ladder to increase difficulty.

Note: Obstacle GIFs generated and retrieved from SASUKE CENTRAL and SASUKEPEDIA

How Did Sasuke Influence Sasuke (Ninja Warrior)?

When watching the original SASUKE, you see something incredible — people doing what ninjas used to do when infiltrating castles or escaping from the enemy.

Through the obstacles, competitors have to use both mind and muscle to overcome the challenges. Many of the obstacles are both intimidating to look at and difficult to complete. Willpower is a necessity, and that’s one thing ninja took years to cultivate.

Sasuke Moniker For Ninja

Although Sasuke is a very old Japanese name, it was made popular because of Sarutobi Sasuke’s folklore. It was also because of this folklore that the name, Sasuke, became a popular moniker for the ninja. It represents excellence in physical conditioning.

As such, in Sasuke Ninja Warrior, many competitors were fishermen, firemen, elite athletes and the like. The obstacles test fitness components such as strength, endurance, balance, coordination, agility, and power.

Yet, the biggest thing, in my opinion, is the willpower. Ninja  trained their hearts and minds to overcome fear when it was snarling at them.

Sarutobi Sasuke was one of those valiant examples, though fictional.

Note: Joint article by Valerie and Logen. Featured image modified from Team Dalog & Penn Japanese Collection.

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