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Operation Metro Surge

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Operation Metro Surge
Part of the immigration raids, arrests, and deportations in the second Trump administration
ICE and Border Patrol agents shooting less-lethals at protestors, January 24
DateDecember 2025 – present
LocationMinnesota, primarily in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area
Organized by
Participants
Deaths3 total:
Arrests3,000 people arrested[2]

Operation Metro Surge is an ongoing operation by the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) with the expressed purpose of apprehending undocumented immigrants and deporting them. Beginning in December 2025, it initially targeted the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul), and later expanded to all of Minnesota.[3] The Department of Homeland Security called it "the largest immigration enforcement operation ever carried out".[4] The surge has been characterized by an escalation in the severity and brutality of ICE tactics,[5] harassment and threats against observers,[6][7] the detention of US citizens,[8] and the arrest of 3,000 people.[2]

Two civilians have been killed during the operation: Renée Good and Alex Pretti, who were both US citizens. The operation has resulted in disruptions to the economy and civil society of Minnesota, with schools transitioning to remote learning and immigration arrests disrupting everyday business activities.[9][10] Thousands in Minneapolis have protested the ICE activity.[11]

Timeline of operation

December 2025

At the beginning of December, ICE announced an enforcement surge in the Twin Cities. At least 12 people were arrested between December 1 and December 5.[12] CNN reported the operations were set to be primarily focused on undocumented Somali immigrants.[13] Border Patrol official Greg Bovino requested identification from employees of an auto repair business after the owner, a US citizen who had fled Somalia, advised a man that he didn't have to answer their questions.[14] Minneapolis mayor Jacob Frey signed an executive order banning federal officials from using city property for staging areas.[15] In late December, ICE agents threatened a pair of observers with arrest, then drove to the home of one of the observers and photographed it.[6]

  • December 6 – Around a dozen federal agents forced their way into a Burnsville, Minnesota home and arrested four people, including the parents of a seven-year-old boy. They were taken to detention facilities outside of the state.[16]
  • December 9 – A 55-year-old Minneapolis resident and US citizen was detained by federal immigration agents while observing an ICE enforcement action on a public street in north Minneapolis. According to local news reporting, civil rights organizations, and court filings, the woman drove to the scene after receiving alerts about ongoing federal activity and stood on a sidewalk near the enforcement site. Within seconds of asking an ICE agent "Are you ICE?", she was reportedly tackled to the ground, handcuffed, and taken into custody by agents.[17] Reporting indicates she was transported to the Whipple Federal Building in Fort Snelling, shackled, and held in a cell for approximately four to five hours before being released without charges. During her detention, parts of her clothing and her wedding ring were reportedly removed. The ACLU complaint asserts that the observer was on a public street, did not interfere with federal agents, and that the detention was part of a broader pattern of confrontations between ICE agents and individuals documenting federal actions.[18]
  • December 10 – A 20-year-old US citizen in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood in Minneapolis was wrongfully detained by unidentified ICE agents during his lunch break. The man was tackled, put into a headlock and taken in a vehicle to the Whipple Building, despite offering to show his passport by shouting "I'm a citizen. I'm a citizen." upon contact with the agents. He was released after being allowed to show his passport hours later and walked back to the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood in the snow. Minneapolis and Minnesota police and politicians denounced his abduction as unlawful and unconstitutional.[19][20]
  • December 14 – In an interview, Representative Ilhan Omar said that her son had been pulled over by ICE. He was able to show the agents his passport and was not detained.[21]
  • December 15 – ICE agents in Minneapolis attempted to arrest a woman who they said had attempted to vandalize their vehicle. The use of force in detaining the woman was criticized by Minneapolis police chief Brian O'Hara, and led to pushback from bystanders, who surrounded the agents and threw snowballs at them until they abandoned the arrest.[22]
  • December 22 – ICE agents opened fire on a Cuban immigrant who they alleged had hit them with an SUV while fleeing arrest in Saint Paul.[23]

January 2026

  • January 6
    • DHS announced it was launching what it called the largest immigration enforcement operation ever carried out, sending 2,000 agents to the Twin Cities.[4]
    • ICE agents photographed the license plates and faces of a St. Paul couple observing their activities, then greeted them by name and drove to their house.[6]
    • A woman, her child and her neighbor's child, who is African American, were also pulled over by ICE. Observers gathered around the traffic stop, and the agents eventually left without making an arrest or speaking to anyone in the car.[24]
    • A 10-year-old Columbia Heights student and her mother were taken by ICE and sent to a Texas detention center.[25]
Federal agents on Portland Avenue on the day Renée Good was killed
  • January 7
    • Killing of Renée Good occurs.
    • A resident of St Paul's North End neighborhood said that federal agents knocked on her door asking her to identify houses in her neighborhood where Hmong families lived.[26]
    • A Minneapolis pastor was detained by ICE during a protest near his church.[27]
    • Health care workers and organizers said ICE entered a Minneapolis hospital without a warrant and guarded/handcuffed a patient to a bed, raising concerns about interference with care and access to private areas.[28]
    • Federal agents tackled people and used chemical irritants and detained an educator[29] outside Roosevelt High School in Minneapolis. Eyewitnesses said the agents were hitting people who were already on the ground. Minneapolis Public Schools subsequently canceled classes for the remainder of the week.[30]
Border Patrol officers in Minneapolis on January 8
  • January 8
    • In a McDonalds in Minneapolis's north side, a security guard blocked ICE from forcing their way behind the restaurant's counter without a warrant.[31]
    • A video showed ICE agents raiding a Target store and arresting two workers in the Minneapolis suburb of Richfield.[32][33] Both were US citizens, who were injured during the incident and released shortly after being detained.[34]
  • January 9
    • An ICE agent threatened a pregnant St. Louis Park immigration attorney with a can of pepper spray and scanned her face after she requested that the agent leave the private parking lot of her law firm.[6]
    • Four members of the Oglala Sioux tribe were detained by ICE during a raid on a homeless encampment in Minneapolis. DHS refused to give tribal President Frank Star Comes Out more information about the detainees unless the tribe entered into an immigration enforcement agreement with ICE. One of the four detainees was released, and the other three were held at Fort Snelling, the site where native prisoners were held during the Dakota War of 1862.[35]
    • A family reported that a father was detained by ICE while on his way to work, disrupting the family's livelihood and leaving them uncertain about his status and location.[36]
  • January 10
    • While tens of thousands of people protested peacefully against the activities of ICE in reaction to the killing of Renée Good, as part of a coordinated national protest movement targeting ICE and federal immigration enforcement practices,[37] 29 protesters were arrested.[38]
    • A restaurant's surveillance video showed a worker described as legally authorized to work being seized by federal agents who appeared to have been waiting outside.[39]
  • January 11
    • An ICE agent threatened a man who said he was trying to get home, accusing the driver of following them and saying "Did you not learn from what just happened?" in reference to the killing of Renée Good.[7]
    • ICE arrested two US citizens engaged in a community patrol who were monitoring their activities. The agents sprayed pepper spray into the vent of the patrollers' car and smashed the car's windows.[40] One patroller described his experience inside the Whipple Federal Building, where he said that food and bathroom breaks were rare, injured detainees were denied medical attention, and that DHS agents offered to "pay him money or extract favorable immigration outcomes on his behalf if he would give them the names and contact information of other illegal immigrants". The pair were released into an active protest outside the building after 8 hours of detention, and subsequently pepper sprayed alongside the other protestors.[41]
    • In St Paul, ICE smashed the window of a Honduran national and dragged him from his car, also arresting a protestor out of the crowd that had formed to observe the arrest.[42] On 14 January, his family said he was alive, but very injured and not receiving treatment, in a detention center in El Paso, Texas.[43]
    • Greg Bovino was booed and cursed at after using the bathroom at a Target in Midway.[26]
  • January 12
    • A classroom assistant and US citizen was detained by ICE outside the special needs school where she works in Inner Grove Heights, Minnesota. Witnesses disputed DHS claims that the woman had rammed their vehicle, saying it was "evident they rammed her and then broke her window to pull her out of the vehicle" based on the damage done by the collision to the side of her car.[44] She was released after 12 hours in custody, pending an investigation.[45]
  • January 13
    • A crowd of over 100 confronted ICE agents raiding a home in Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis. Three people were detained, two of whom were acting as observers. Witnesses observed ICE agents pushing one observer's head into the cement before detaining him. A different protestor kicked the taillight of an ICE vehicle and was able to escape capture. As ICE left the scene, they fired pepper balls and tear gas at the crowd.[46]
    • Another woman who said she was on her way to a doctor's appointment at the Traumatic Brain Injury Center had her window smashed and was dragged from her car, bound and carried away by masked agents. She said that she was denied access to a doctor and lost consciousness while in detention, and that she felt "lucky to be alive."[47]
    • Federal agents fired flashbangs and tear gas at protestors outside the Whipple Federal Building.[48] 8 people were arrested.[49]
    • ICE deployed to Minneapolis-Saint Paul Airport, establishing checkpoints to verify the documents of travelers and employees.[50]
  • January 14
    • Healthcare workers in the Twin Cities said that ICE agents were entering hospitals with detained individuals, worrying nurses and interfering with patient care by entering private areas of the hospital without a warrant.[51]
    • A Woodbury, Minnesota real estate agent who spotted an ICE patrol and parked next to them at a shopping center had his car blocked in by ICE agents and was detained by them for three hours at the Whipple Federal Building.[52]
    • A neighbor's home security camera captured an ICE arrest at a bus stop in South Minneapolis. The camera has also captured changes in the behavior of commuters, including people waiting around the corner until the bus comes or running home after getting off the bus, for fear of being picked up by ICE.[53]
    • Aquila Elementary School was forced to change its pick-up procedures due to a persistent ICE presence at the school and at an apartment building across the street. One PTA member said that "Aquila teaches its kids to be kind, to be tolerant, to be thoughtful, to keep their hands to themselves, and none of those attributes are being modeled for them in the world outside their school," and that "Kids are missing school because ICE keeps cracking down on this city, this community, and specifically this neighborhood, these few blocks here, almost every day."[54]
    • Agents forced their way into an apartment building, detaining a 17-year-old Columbia Heights student and her mother.[25]
  • January 15
    • A couple reported having ICE agents deploy tear gas and stun grenades around their car as they were stuck near a protest, resulting in the hospitalization of their six children inside.[55][56][57]
    • ICE detained several workers at a Mexican restaurant in Willmar, Minnesota. The officers ate at the restaurant earlier in the day, then returned to arrest the employees after they closed.[58]
    • St. Paul Public Schools reported ICE stopped two of its contract vans transporting students and staff.[59]
  • January 16
    • More than a dozen MSP airport workers were detained by ICE on the job.[60] Their union, UNITE HERE Local 17, said all of the workers had legal authorization to work in the country and had passed rigorous federal background checks in order to work in the airport.[61]
  • January 17
    • Jacob Lang, the leader of an anti-immigration protest in downtown Minneapolis, is attacked and injured by counterprotestors.[62]
  • January 18
    • Without a search warrant, federal immigration agents made entry into a US citizen's home in Minnesota, handcuffed him, and took him outside in freezing temperatures in his underwear. He was detained for two hours before immigration agents released him.[63] ICE officials claimed they were searching for two men with criminal records who they believed were living in the house. Local media reported that one of the men ICE claimed they were looking for had been in a Minnesota prison since 2024.[64]
  • January 19
    • ICE arrested a man working at a St. Louis Park hotel where agents were staying. The man came to the United States as a refugee and had a valid work permit, and was ordered released by a judge on January 25.[65]
  • January 20
    • A police chief shared that two off-duty Saint Paul Police officers had been briefly stopped by ICE.[66]
    • Brooklyn Park Police Chief Brian O'Hara stated that an off-duty Brooklyn Park Police Department officer had been stopped by ICE at gunpoint.[66]
    • Liam Conejo Ramos, a five-year-old student at Valley View Elementary was approached by masked ICE agents as he returned home from school with his father. According to school officials, they took the boy to the door of the house and used him as 'bait'[67][68] to get the residents to open the door. According to ICE, the father abandoned Liam in the driveway as he tried to flee, and ICE protected the child from the cold.[69] At the same time, ICE claimed that Liam's mother was inside the house. School officials suggested the pregnant[70] mother was likely fearful of opening the door.[71] The ICE agents took Liam and his father away to a detention center in Texas. According to their lawyer, the family came to the US in 2024 from Ecuador and has an active asylum claim.[72][73] This was the fourth student at the Columbia Heights School District to be detained by ICE. Earlier the same day, a 17-year-old student was taken from his car by ICE agents.[25]
  • January 21
    • Fong Khang, a US legal permanent resident from Laos, was taken into ICE custody and transferred to Texas in apparent violation of a federal court order. The day before the Minnesota Board of Pardons had set aside Khang's criminal convictions; he had remained free of convictions since 2010. According to his lawyer he was to be returned to Minnesota.[74]
    • Volunteers delivering food to migrants reported ICE vans were staking out area food banks and following them. Visits to local food pantries were down 50–80 percent.[75]
  • January 22
    • Federal agents detained an immigrant man and his 2-year-old daughter, who had active asylum cases, as they were returning from grocery shopping. When a crowd gathered, the agents used flash-bang grenades and chemical agents. Despite a federal court order for the toddler's release, both were transferred to Texas. The 2-year-old was later returned to her mother.[76]
  • January 23
    • A general strike is held across the state in response to ICE activity in the state.[2]
    • Thousands protest in downtown Minneapolis.[2]
  • January 24

Shootings

Map
Locations of federal law enforcement shootings in Minneapolis, January 2026. Red markers denote fatalities; orange denotes a non-fatal shooting. 1 = Renee Good. 2 = Julio Cesar Sosa-Celis. 3 = Alex Pretti.

In January 2026, Minneapolis was the site of three separate shootings involving federal immigration agents. These incidents include the fatal shooting of Renée Good on January 7 at Nicollet Avenue, the non-fatal shooting of Julio Cesar Sosa-Celis on January 14 in North Minneapolis, and the fatal shooting of Alex Pretti on January 24. These events have sparked significant national protests and ongoing disputes regarding the accuracy of federal accounts compared to video evidence.

Killing of Renée Good

This section is an excerpt from Killing of Renée Good.[edit]
Good, shortly before she was shot

On January 7, 2026, Renée Good, a 37-year-old American citizen, was fatally shot in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent Jonathan Ross.[a] Good was in her car, stopped sideways in the street when Ross walked around it and then walked back and around her vehicle. Other agents approached, and one ordered her to get out of the car while reaching through her open window. Good briefly reversed, then began moving forward and to the right, into the direction of traffic. At this point, Ross was standing at the front-left of the vehicle and fired three shots, killing her, as her vehicle passed him, turning away from him. The killing sparked national protests and multiple investigations.

Analysts disagree as to whether the vehicle struck Ross. Federal law enforcement officials and President Donald Trump defended the shooting, saying the agent had acted in self-defense, that Good had run him over and that the agent was recovering in hospital. Trump administration accounts of the shooting have been contested by eyewitnesses, journalists,[80] and Democratic Party lawmakers, some of whom have called for criminal proceedings against Ross.[81][82] The Trump administration's statements were heavily criticized for jumping to conclusions before any investigation had occurred. Minneapolis mayor Jacob Frey and Minnesota governor Tim Walz called on ICE to end their presence in the city.

The killing sparked widespread protests in Minneapolis,[83] and other U.S. cities including Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, D.C.[84] Marches in Minneapolis prompted the closing of public schools and the deployment of additional law enforcement. Federal agents used tear gas and pepper spray against protesters, and Governor Walz placed the National Guard on standby.

Leaders of the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division declined to open a constitutional investigation, prompting the resignation of more than a dozen federal prosecutors in Minneapolis and Washington. Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison, along with the cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, filed suit against the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to halt ICE deployments. The incident intensified national debate over immigration enforcement and renewed calls to abolish ICE.

Non-fatal shooting of Julio Cesar Sosa-Celis

On January 14, 2026, Julio Cesar Sosa-Celis, a Venezuelan man,[85] was shot in the leg by a US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent in Minneapolis.[86][87] The shooting took place in the north Minneapolis area.[43] According to the Department of Homeland Security, there was a car chase and then a struggle with a federal agent in front of a residence, where two other people attacked the officer.[86][88] The agent shot Sosa-Celis, who went inside the residence and refused to come out. Federal agents went inside the residence.[85][86][88] Sosa-Celis was transported to a hospital.[86][88] Protests developed near the scene, with federal agents firing tear gas and protestors throwing rocks and fireworks.[89] Following the shooting, Minneapolis mayor Jacob Frey said the ICE deployment to Minneapolis was "not sustainable" and was putting Minneapolis in an "impossible situation", and he called for protests to be peaceful.[86][88][87]

In an affidavit filed in federal court January 16, a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent gave an account of the incident that varied in several details from the government's first account. According to the FBI affidavit, ICE agents identified the license plate of a car as belonging to a man their records showed had unlawfully entered the US. They identified the driver, who said he had recently purchased the car, as the man they were looking for although the driver was 50 pounds heavier and five inches taller than ICE's suspect; both had short brown hair. Sosa-Celis, the man who was shot and who ICE said was the target of the stop, was not in the car. The driver fled the stop, crashing into a light pole near the house where Sosa-Celis was standing on the porch. The ICE agent, who had not been identified, caught the driver in the yard and an altercation ensued between the two. Sosa-Celis tried to pull the driver away from the ICE agent; as the ICE agent drew his pistol both fled toward the house and Sosa-Celis was shot. The ICE agent reported a "bloody gash" to his hand. The third man supposedly involved in the altercation was not mentioned in the FBI affidavit nor could it be confirmed that he was at the scene.[90]

Killing of Alex Pretti

This section is an excerpt from Killing of Alex Pretti.[edit]
Official portrait in 2024 (as a registered nurse for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs)

On January 24, 2026, Alex Pretti,[91] a 37-year-old American intensive care nurse for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, was shot and killed by United States Border Patrol agents in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This occurred amid widespread protests against a federal immigration crackdown and followed the January 7 fatal shooting of Renée Good, also by federal officers.

Video recordings of the incident showed Pretti filming law enforcement agents with his phone and directing traffic. Pretti stood between an agent and a woman whom the agent had pushed to the ground, putting his arm around the woman.[92] He was subsequently pepper-sprayed and wrestled to the ground by several federal agents, with around six surrounding him when he was shot and killed.[93][94][95] Bystander video verified and reviewed by Reuters, the BBC and the The Wall Street Journal appears to show an agent removing a gun and moving away from Pretti less than a second before another agent fires at him.[96][97][98][99]

According to The Guardian, while Pretti was legally licensed to carry a handgun, the publicly available video evidence reviewed by the paper does not show him holding one.[100] In reviewing video evidence, Reuters, the BBC and The New York Times all concluded that he was holding a cell phone, not a gun, in the moments before being tackled.[97][99][101] Agents appear to shoot at him at least ten times within five seconds, beginning while he was pinned to the ground and continuing after he collapsed and his body lay motionless.[99][101]

The Trump administration defended the shooting, claiming that Pretti was an aggressor. The Minnesota Star Tribune assessed that these claims are uncorroborated and contradicted by witnesses and video evidence.[102] The shooting accelerated ongoing protests against US immigration forces locally and nationally.[103] As with the Renée Good case, state investigators were denied access to the shooting scene by the federal government.[104]

Warrantless searches and arrests

See also: Deaths, detentions and deportations of American citizens in the second Trump administration

An internal ICE memo from May 2025 asserts that ICE officers have the authority to forcibly enter homes of those subject to removal orders with an administrative warrant, rather than a judicial warrant, allowing for search and seizure without approval from a judge. According to a whistleblower, ICE trainees are taught to follow the memo's guidance over training materials which contradict the memo.[105]

On January 11, federal immigration agents arrested a Liberian immigrant after breaking into his home with a battering ram despite only having an administrative warrant issued by an immigration officer and not a judicial warrant, and despite having regular meetings with immigration authorities for years prior to his arrest.[106][107] On January 15, Minnesota US District Court judge Jeffrey Bryan ruled that the forced entry into the Liberian immigrant's home constituted a warrantless search in violation of the Fourth Amendment and ordered his release.[108] However, ICE detained the Liberian immigrant a second time only a day later when he and his attorney attended a subsequent routine check-in at a federal building.[109][110]

On January 18, a Hmong American citizen was mistakenly arrested by ICE after a forced entry into his home without presenting any warrant;[63][111] the target of the search has reportedly been in prison since 2024.[64][112] In a review of 33 wrongful detention lawsuits filed in the Minnesota U.S. District Court on January 16 and January 17, the Minnesota Star Tribune found that there was no evidence of a warrant in the majority of the lawsuits.[113]

Responses

Protests

Thousands of people protested against ICE at Powderhorn Park in Minnesota
Protesters also staged a noise demonstration outside a hotel where ICE were believed to staying
This section is an excerpt from List of Renée Good protests § Minnesota.[edit]
A protest in Minneapolis after the ICE agent shooting of observer Renee Good
ICE OUT protest in Minneapolis, January 23, 2026
On the day of Good's death, hundreds of protesters gathered at the location of the shooting.[114] Later in the day, the crowd had grown to thousands.[115] On January 8, protesters gathered outside of the Bishop Henry Whipple Federal Building in Minneapolis, at least three people were arrested and several others were held on the ground by law enforcement, tear gas and pepper spray was also fired at the group.[116][117] On the same day, protesters barricaded the location of the shooting to create a vigil.[118] City workers removed the barricades shortly after, but preserved the memorial that had been established.[119]

On January 9, Minneapolis and Fridley schools were temporarily closed after reports of ICE agents tackling people at Roosevelt High School a day before.[120] In the evening, over 1000 protesters gathered outside the Canopy by Hilton hotel in downtown Minneapolis where ICE officers were believed to have been staying. Police Chief Brian O'Hara described it as a "noise protest" to disrupt those inside until protesters began causing property damage and one police officer was injured by thrown ice. At 10:15 pm police declared the protest an unlawful assembly and 30 people were arrested, at which point the crowd dispersed.[121][122][123]

On January 10, protests continued with thousands assembling at Powderhorn Park.[124][125] In the evening, Reuters and MS NOW estimated that number as "tens of thousands."[126][127]

On January 18, protestors disrupted worship at Cities Church in St. Paul to protest against pastor David Easterwood, who activists alleged was the acting field director for ICE in Minnesota.[128][129] Easterwood had earlier defended some of the tactics utilized by ICE in Minnesota, such as the use of chemical irritants and flash-bang grenades against protestors as a crowd control method. The Department of Justice opened up a civil rights investigation into the disruption of service, and on January 22, three of the organizers were arrested, including former president of the Minneapolis NAACP chapter Nekima Levy Armstrong.[130] The Justice Department also attempted to bring charges against journalist Don Lemon (who had been reporting on the church protest);[131] a federal magistrate judge denied the Justice Department's application to bring charges against Lemon.[132] The next day, Minnesota U.S. District Court Judge Laura Provinzino denied motions by the Justice Department to detain two of the protestors, while a federal magistrate judge ordered the release of the third.[133] On January 24, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit declined to order the Minnesota U.S. District Court to issue arrest warrants for five persons in connection with the church protest (reportedly including Lemon).[134]

On January 23, more than 700 small businesses and several cultural institutions closed as part of an economic protest and general strike. Organizers estimated that 50,000 attended the associated protests in subzero temperature.[135][136] In the morning of the same day, hundreds of clergy members protested at Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport calling for an end to the ICE surge. Around 100 clergy members were arrested during the protests.[137][138]

On January 24, in the aftermath of the killing of Alex Pretti, hundreds gathered at Whittier Park to protest. A vigil was held at Whittier Park and the intersection of 27th and Nicollet Avenue.[139]

On January 25, about 1,000 people gathered in about 3°F weather[140] in Government Plaza outside the Hennepin County Government Center in downtown Minneapolis for a rally, protesting ICE and CBP and calling for justice after the killings of Renee Good and Alex Pretti. Passing cars honked in support of the protesters. After the rally, the crowd marched down 3rd Ave. and Washington Ave., chanting phrases such as "no more Minnesota nice, Minneapolis will strike," "shut it down, shut it down, shut it down," and "strike, strike, strike, strike."[141]

General strike

Main article: 2026 Minnesota general strike

Minneapolis labor unions and community organizations called for a January 23 general strike in response to the ICE surge.[142] The name of the strike is "ICE Out of MN: Day of Truth and Freedom."[143] On January 23, thousands of Minnesotans participated in the strike against ICE actions in their state.[144] In the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area, hundreds of businesses closed to protest Operation Metro Surge.[145] Businesses across the state also closed in solidarity.[144] State museums were also closed.[146]

Dozens of priests and clergy members were arrested during their protest at the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport.[144] Despite frigid weather,[147] in Minneapolis, The Guardian reported that "tens of thousands" of protestors marched through the streets.[146] The march began at 2:00 pm and started at The Commons, located near US Bank Stadium.[148] The march ended at the Target Center.[148]

Over a thousand labor unions endorsed the general strike, including the Minnesota AFL-CIO.[146] The strike was also endorsed by the Minneapolis city council.[146] It may be one of the state's largest strikes.[147]

Civil society

A Minneapolis church delivered over 12,000 boxes of food to families in hiding during the operation.[149]

Congress

Protesters disrupted a service of the Southern Baptist Cities Church, whose pastor is a senior ICE official. Harmeet Dhillon announced that the protest would be investigated as a violation of the FACE act.

On January 9, in an open letter to Kristi Noem and the Director of US Immigration and Customs Enforcement in reaction to the killing of Renée Good, a group of Members of Congress made allegations regarding the tactics of ICE "This is not the first time your agents have used unnecessary force on civilians without provocation"[150][independent source needed] citing a previous case from October 4, 2025 against a detainee the DOJ later dropped.[151] They demand that the DHS "immediately suspend the current surge of federal officers and agents to Minneapolis" and a "credible investigation" of the killing of Renée Good.[150][independent source needed]

On January 22, 2026, the House voted to increase funding to ICE.[152] On the same day, Democratic lawmakers sent a letter to Kristi Noem saying they are outraged by 53 deaths in ICE/CBP custody and accusing DHS of a "callous disregard for human life".[153]

Corporations

On January 25, an open letter was posted to the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce website signed by over 60 CEOs of Minnesota-based companies calling for an "immediate deescalation of tensions". Signers included the CEOs of 3M, Cargill, Mayo Clinic, Target, Best Buy, UnitedHealth Group, and General Mills.[154]

Lawsuits

Tincher v. Noem
CourtDistrict of Minnesota
StartedDecember 17, 2025
Docket nos.0:25-cv-04669 (D. Minn.)
26-1105 (8th Cir.)
Minnesota v. Noem
CourtDistrict of Minnesota
StartedJanuary 12, 2026
Docket nos.0:26-cv-00190
Hussen v. Noem
CourtDistrict of Minnesota
StartedJanuary 15, 2026
Docket nos.0:26-cv-00324

State and local government

On 12 January, the state governments of Minnesota and Illinois and the city governments of Minneapolis and Saint Paul filed federal lawsuits against the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and top federal officials, including the heads of ICE and Customs and Border Protection (CBP).[155][156] They argued that the large-scale deployment of ICE agents is unconstitutional, unlawful, and has disrupted civic life and violated civil liberties.[157] The State of Minnesota invokes the Tenth Amendment, arguing that the unilateral deployment of federal agents to perform general policing duties constitutes an unconstitutional commandeering of state resources and a violation of the state's sovereign police powers.[158] The City of Minneapolis challenges the operation under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), contending that the sudden designation of schools and hospitals as enforcement zones was an "arbitrary and capricious" policy change made without the required public notice or comment period.[159][157] On January 19, the Justice Department filed a request to reject lawsuit's motion for a preliminary injunction and temporary restraining order.[160]

ACLU

On December 17, 2025 individual plaintiffs and the American Civil Liberties Union of Minnesota filed a class-action lawsuit (Tincher et al. v. Noem et al.)[161] alleging constitutional violations by federal agents participating in Operation Metro Surge. The complaint referenced events on December 09, 2025 also documented by MPR-News[162] and argued that agents engaged in retaliatory arrests against observers and conducted traffic stops without reasonable suspicion, violating First and Fourth Amendment rights.[163]

On January 15, 2026, the ACLU has filed a second class-action lawsuit alleging widespread racial profiling by federal immigration agents under the surge.[164] In the complaint the ACLU argues that arrests based solely on ethnic appearance or accent violate the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause as well as the prohibition against arbitrary detention without probable cause.

On January 16, Minnesota US District Court judge Katherine M. Menendez issued a preliminary injunction in the first lawsuit filed by the Minnesota ACLU in December placing specific restrictions on federal agents participating in "Operation Metro Surge" in Minnesota. The ruling ordered agents not to retaliate against individuals "engaging in peaceful and unobstructive protest activity". Specifically, the court prohibited the use of pepper spray or other "crowd dispersal tools" as retaliation for protected speech and barred agents from detaining motorists who were not "forcibly obstructing or interfering with" officers.[165][166] On January 21, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit issued a stay of the Minnesota US District Court ruling to allow for the administration to file an appeal.[167]

Wrongful detentions

In a review of federal court filings in Minnesota for wrongful detention lawsuits, the Minnesota Star Tribune found 288 cases filed from January 1 through January 21 and 344 filed from December 1 through January 21, which compared with 128 filed in 2025 in total and 375 filed between 2016 and 2024.[113]

Military mobilization

See also: 2025–2026 domestic military deployments in the United States

Minnesota National Guard

On January 7, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz issued a warning order to the Minnesota National Guard following the killing of Renée Good.[168][169] The next day, Walz ordered the Minnesota National Guard to be "staged and ready"; Walz's office issued a press statement saying: "[The National Guard] remain[s] ready in the event they are needed to help keep the peace, ensure public safety, and allow for peaceful demonstrations".[170][171] On January 17, the Minnesota National Guard announced that it had been mobilized but not deployed by Walz to support the Minnesota State Patrol with activated members planning to wear yellow reflective vests to "help distinguish them from other agencies in similar uniforms",[172][173] while the Minnesota Department of Public Safety stated that the Minnesota National Guard "are not deployed to city streets at this time, but are ready to help support public safety".[174] Following the killing of Alex Pretti on January 24, Walz deployed the Minnesota National Guard to assist local law enforcement at the request of the Hennepin County Sheriff's Office and the Minneapolis city government.[175][176]

Insurrection Act

On January 15, President Donald Trump threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act of 1807 in response to the Renée Good protests in Minneapolis against ICE operations in the city, which Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison has said he will challenge in court if Trump does so.[89][177] Legal scholars dispute that the conditions that permit invocation of the Insurrection Act have occurred in Minneapolis based on historical precedent despite the law's facially broad language.[178][179] Trump backtracked from the threat the next day, saying there was not a "reason right now" to do so but reiterated that "It's been used a lot, and if I needed it, I'd use it".[180] On the same day, a grand jury issued subpoenas to Walz and Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey as part of a United States Department of Justice investigation of whether Walz and Frey obstructed federal immigration law enforcement through public statements.[181][182] On January 20, six subpoenas were sent to the offices of Walz, Ellison, Frey, Saint Paul Mayor Kaohly Her, and local government officials in Ramsey County and Hennepin County.[183][184][185]

Defense Department

On January 18, the United States Department of Defense reportedly ordered 1,500 active-duty soldiers to prepare for a possible deployment to Minnesota, including two battalions from the 11th Airborne Division of the United States Army based in Alaska.[174][186] In an emailed press statement, department spokesperson Sean Parnell stated, "The Department of War is always prepared to execute the orders of the Commander-in-Chief if called upon",[173] but an unnamed Trump administration source has said that the standby order does not guarantee a deployment will occur or is imminent.[174] An unnamed Defense Department source has confirmed that the standby order was issued in response to Trump's threats to invoke the Insurrection Act.[187] In response to the reports of the standby order, Frey said in an interview: "It's ridiculous, but we will not be intimidated by the actions of this federal government ... It is not fair, it's not just, and it's completely unconstitutional."[188] On January 20, the Defense Department reportedly issued a second standby order to a brigade of the Military Police Corps stationed at Fort Bragg in North Carolina to prepare for potential deployment to Minneapolis.[189][190][191]

Reactions

Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison described the federal immigration enforcement deployment as "in essence, a federal invasion of the Twin Cities and Minnesota, and it must stop" asserting that the thousands of armed ICE and DHS agents had caused serious harm and chaos under the guise of immigration enforcement. He criticized the operation in a press conference on January 12, as not helpful "This surge has made us less safe. Thousands of poorly trained, aggressive, and armed agents of the federal government have rolled into our communities. They have fired chemical irritants at people obeying lawful orders. This is an unlawful commandeering of police resources".[192][193][194][independent source needed]

On January 15, Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz described the operation as "a campaign of organized brutality against the people of Minnesota by our own federal government. Undertrained ICE agents are going door to door ordering people to point out where their neighbors of color live. They're breaking windows they're pulling over dragging pregnant women down the street, including US citizens".[195][independent source needed] He insisted that the Trump administration "stop this campaign of retribution". [196]

On January 16, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey criticized the broader operation, stating it was "not normal immigration enforcement" and calling on the federal government to halt "unconstitutional conduct that is invading our streets each and every day". Regarding discrimination of specific groups, he added "We have seen consistent unconstitutional practice by ICE discriminating only on the basis of are you Latino, are you Somali".[197][198]

US Vice President J.D. Vance defended the ICE agent involved in the killing of Good and rejected claims of unlawful actions by federal agents, remarking that characterizations of Good as an innocent civilian were "a lie" and that the officer was acting in self-defense.[199]

In a letter to Walz dated January 24, Attorney General Pam Bondi requested that the state government repeal sanctuary policies in the state, give the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division access to the state's voter rolls, and share its Medicaid, Food and Nutrition Service, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program records with the Justice Department for its investigation of the 2020s Minnesota fraud scandals.[200] Bondi asserted that this was part of an effort to "restore the order of law, support ICE officers and bring an end to the chaos in Minnesota."[201]

Results

DHS reported by December 13, 2025 the operation had resulted in the arrest of 400 undocumented immigrants, including pedophiles, rapists, kidnappers, and drug traffickers.[202] In January 2026, ICE reported that 103 out of 2,000 arrestees, or about 5 percent, had records of violent crimes.[203] A review of a list of names of individuals ICE said it had arrested in Minneapolis, however, showed that at least several had not in fact been arrested in the operation but had been transferred from state custody to DHS before December 1, 2025, including one individual who had been transferred in 2003.[204] On January 19, 2026, DHS Secretary Kristi Noem claimed in a post on X that ICE had "arrested over 10,000 criminal illegal aliens" in Minneapolis, including 3,000 in the past six weeks.[205]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ At the time of the shooting, Ross worked as an officer under the Office of Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) of ICE, which is the directorate in charge of detentions and deportations. ICE agent is commonly used by English-language speakers and media to refer to ERO officers. Ross was identified by cross-referencing statements made by federal officials concerning a dragging incident the shooter was involved in with court documents.[77] His name had not been released by federal authorities.[78][79]

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